Pelvis Flashcards

Anatomy: Pelvis res & Bones

1
Q

perineum

A

located between the thighs nd represents most inferior part of pelvic outlet.

Contains structures that support the urogenital and gastrointestinal systems,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

anatomical boundaries of perineum

A
Anterior; pubic symphysis 
posterior: tip of coccyx
laterally: inferior pubic rami and inferior ischial rami and sacrotuberous ligament 
Roof: pelvic floor
Base: skin and fascia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

boundaries of anal triangle

A

Coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament and line between ischial tuberosities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Contents of nail triangle

A

Anal aperture.
External anal sphincter muscle
Ischioanal fossa (fat & connective tissue. Extend from skin of anal region to pelvic diaphragm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nerve supply of perineum

A

pudendal nerve: supplies whole perineum with somatic fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Urogenital triangle boundaries

A

pubic symphysis
ischiopubic rami
line between ischial tuberosities

Associated with structures of urogenital system: external genitalia and urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Layers of urogenital triangle

A
deep perineal pouch 
perineal membrane
superficial peroneal pouch 
perineal fascia 
skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Deep perineal pouch

A

potential space between deep fascia of pelvic floor and perineal membrane

Contains urethra, external urethral sphincter and vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Perineal membrane

A

layer of tough fascia, perforated by urethra and vagina

provides attachment for muscles of external genitalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

superficial perineal pouch

A

potential space between perineal membrane and superficial perineal fascia

Contains erectile tissue that forms clitoris.

Muscles: ischiocavernosis, bulbospongiosus and superficial transverse perineal muscles

Location of Bartholin’s glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Perineal fascia

A

continuity of abdominal fascia that has 2 components: superficial and deep fascia

Deep fascia; coverei superficial perineal muscles and protruding structures
Superficial fascia has superficial and deep layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Skin of urogenital triangle

A

urethral and vaginal orifices open out onto skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

perineal body

A

irregular fibromuscular masss
located at junction of urogenital and anal triangles.
contains skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and collagenous and elastic fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Perineal body- attachments

A

Acts as a point of attachment for muscle fibres from pelvic floor and perineum itself

  • levator ani
  • bulbospongiosus muscle
  • superficial and deep transverse perineal muscles
  • external anal sphincter muscles
  • external urethral sphincter muscle fibres
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

perineal body function

A

Point of attachment

Tear resistant body between vagina and external anal sphincter

Supports posterior part of vaginal wall against prolapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

perineum neuromuscular supply

A
Pudendal nerve (S2-S4)
Internal pudendal nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sciatic foramen

A

greater and lesser sciatic foramen,
2 openings in posterior aspect of pelvis

Separated by Sacrospinous ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

greater sciatic foramen

A

provides passageway for structures to pass from pelvis into gluteal region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

greater sciatic foramen borders

A

superior: anterior sacroiliac ligament
posteromedial: sacrotuberous ligament

Anterolateral: greater sciatic notch of ilium

Inferior: Sacrospinous ligament and ischial spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

contents of greater sciatic foramen

A

divided into 2 by piriformis muscle

Suprapiriform

  • superior gluteal artery and nerve
  • superior gluteal nerve

Infrapiriform foramen

  • sciatic nerve
  • pudendal nerve
  • inferior gluteal artery and vein
  • inferior gluteal nerve
  • posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
  • nerve to obturator interns
  • nerve to quadratus femoris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lesser sciatic foramen

A

provide a communication between perineum of pelvis and gluteal region.
Lies inferiorly to pelvic floor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

lesser sciatic foramen borders

A

superior; Sacrospinous ligament and ischial spine

Anterior: ischial spin, lesser sciatic notch, and ischial tuberosity

Posterior: sacrotuberous ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

contents of lesser sciatic foramen

A

internal pudendal artery and vein
pudendal nerve
obturator interns tendon
nerve to obturator internis

24
Q

articulations of hip bone

A

sacroiliac joint
pubic symphysis
hip joint

25
Q

composition of hip bone

A

ilium, pubic and ischium
Form cup-shaped socket-> acetabulum,
Head of femur articulates with acetabulum-> hip joint

26
Q

triradiate cartilage

A

separates ilium, pubis and ischium

Fusion only begins 15-17

27
Q

what does body of ilium form

A

superior part of the acetabulum (acetabular roof).

28
Q

Surfaces of wing of ilium

A

Inner surface: concave shape, produces iliac fossa

External surface: convex shape, attachments to gluteal muscles

Superior margin is thickened -> forming iliac crest.

29
Q

Indentation on posterior aspect of ilium

A

greater sciatic notch

30
Q

pubis

A

most anterior portion of hip bone

Consists of a body, superior ramus and inferior ramps

31
Q

pubic body

A

located medially
Articulated with opposite pubic body at pubic symphysis
Superior aspect is marked by rounded thickening (pubic crest), extends laterally as tubercle

32
Q

superior pubic ramus

A

extends laterally from body to form part of acetabulum

33
Q

inferior pubic ramus

A

projects towards ischium

34
Q

ischium

A

forms posteroinferior part of the hip bone,

Composed of body, inferior ramus and superior ramus

35
Q

posteromedial projection of bone near junction of superior ramps and body

A

ischial spine

36
Q

Ligaments attached to ischium

A

Sacrospinous

sacrotuberous

37
Q

pelvic girdle

A

2 hip bones, sacrum and coccyx

38
Q

articulations within pelvis

A

sacroiliac joints
sacrococcygeal symphysis
pubic symphysis

39
Q

functions of pelvis

A

transfer of weight from upper axial skeleton to lower appendicular components of skeleton

provide attachment for several muscles and ligaments used in locomotion

contains and protects abdominopelvic and pelvic viscera

40
Q

Greater pelvis

A

false pelvis
located superiorly
provides support of lower abdo viscera

41
Q

lesser pelvis

A

true pelvis
located inferiorly
within lesser pelvis reside pelvic cavity nd pelvic visceral

42
Q

junction between greater and lesser pelvis

A

pelvic inlet

43
Q

pelvic inlet (+ borders)

A

marks boundary between greater and lesser pelvis
Determines size and shape of birth canal

Posterior: sacral promontory and sacral wings

lateral: arcuate lines on inner surface of ilium, and pectineal line on superior pubic ramus
anterior: pubic symphysis

44
Q

Pelvic outlet (+borders)

A

located at end of lesser pelvis, and beginning of pelvic wall

Posterior: tip of coccyx

lateral: ischial tuberosities and inferior margin of sacrotuberous ligament
anterior: pubic arch

45
Q

Adaptation for childbirth

A

gynaecoid pelvis

  • oval-shaped inlet
  • Less prominent ischial spines
  • greater angled sub-pubic arch
  • shorter and more curved sacrum
46
Q

Sacrum

A

large bone located at terminal part of vertebral canal

47
Q

bony landmarks of sacrum

A

formed by fusion of 5 sacral vertebrae

base: articulates superiorly with fifth lumbar vertebrae and assoc. intervertebral disc
apex: coccyx
auricular surface: located internally

48
Q

dorsal surface of sacrum

A

coarse and rugged
central ridge of bone: median sacral crest
Immediate sacral crest
Lateral sacral crest

49
Q

Median sacral crest attachment

A

supraspinous ligament

50
Q

immediate sacral crest attachment

A

posterior sacroiliac ligaments

51
Q

Lateral sacral crestattachment

A

posterior sacroiliac ligaments and sacrotuberous ligament

52
Q

pelvic surface of sacrum

A

sacral promontory

  • anterior projection of bone
  • forms posterior margin of pelvic inlet
53
Q

Muscular attachments of sacrum (anterior surface)

A

Piriformis
COccygeus
Illiacus

54
Q

Muscular attachments of sacrum (posterior surface)

A

Multifidus lumborum

Erector spinal

55
Q

vasculature of sacrum

A

median sacral artery (continuation of abdominal aorta)

lateral sacral arteries (arise from internal iliac artery)
-supply meninges, sacrum and surrounding muscles

56
Q

coccyx joints

A

articulates with sacrum at fibrocartilaginous joint: sacrococcygeal symphysis

limited to minor flexion and extension, occurs passively during defecation & labour

57
Q

Coccyx attachments

A

Gluteus maximus
levator ani
anococcygeal raphe