Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

3- Reproduction > Female Reproductive tract > Flashcards

Female Reproductive tract Flashcards

1
Q

vulva

A

external female genitalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

vulva functions

A

sensory tissue during sexual intercourse
assists in micturition by directing flow of urine
protects internal female reproductive tract from infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

structures of vulva

A 
mons pubis
labia majora
lbia minora
vestibule
Bartholin's glands
clitoris
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

mons pubis

A

subcutaneous fat pad located anterior to pubic symphysis

Formed by fusion of labia majora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

labia majora

A

two hair-bearing external skin folds
extend from mons pubis posteriorly to posterior commissure

Embryologically derived from labioscrotal swellings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

labia minor

A

hails folds of skin, lie within labia major.
fuse anteriorly to form hood of clitoris and extend posteriorly either side of vaginal opening
merge posteriorly- creating fold of skin: fourchette

embryologically derived from urethral folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

vestibule

A

area enclosed by labia minora

contains openings of vagina and urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bartholin’s glands

A

secrete lubricating mucus from small ducts during sexual arousal
located either side of vaginal orifice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

clitoris

A

located under clitoral hood
formed of erectile corpora cavernous tissue, becomes engorged with blood during sexual stimulation

embryologically derived from genital tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Vascular supply of vulva

A

paired internal and external pudendal arteries

branches of internal iliac artery and femoral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Venous drainage of vulva

A

pudendal veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lymph drainage of vuvla

A

drains to nearby superficial inguinal lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

innervation of vulva

A

sensory and parasympathetic

Sensory

  • Anterior: ilioinguinal nerve (branch of genitofemoral)
  • Posterior: pudendal nerve

Clitoris and vestibule also receive parasympathetic innervation from cavernous nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

vagina

A

distensible muscular tube which extends posterosuperiorly from external vaginal orifice to cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

roles of vagina

A

Sexual intercourse
Childbirth
Menstruation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

anatomical position of vagina

A

anterior: bladder & urethra
Posterior: rectouterine pouch, rectum and anal canal
lateral: ureters and levator ani muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

anatomical structure of vagina

A

fibromuscular tube with anterior and posterior walls

Upper ending: vagina surrounds cervix, creating 2 fornices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Role of vaginal fornix

A

Posterior fornix acts as natural reservoir for semen after intravaginal ejaculation.
Semen retained in fornix liquefies in 20-30 minutes, allowing for easier permeation through cervical canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

histology of vagina

A

Stratified squamous epithelium
- provides protection and is lubricated by cervical mucus

Elastic lamina propria
- dense connective tissue layer which projects papillae into overlying epithelium

Fibromuscular layer
-comprises of 2 layers of smooth muscle; inner circular and outer longitudinal

Adventitia

  • fibrous layer
  • provides additional strength to vagina whilst also binding it to surround structures.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

arterial supply of vagina

A

uterine and vaginal arteries

both branches of internal iliac artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

venous return of vagina

A

vaginal venous plexus

-drains into internal iliac veins via uterine vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Lymphatic drainage of vagina

A

Superior: external iliac nodes
Middle: internal iliac nodes
Inferior: superficial inguinal lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

innervation of vagina

A

predominantly from autonomic nervous system

parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves arise from uterovaginal nerve plexus

Only inferior 1/5 of vagina receives somatic innervation via branch of pudendal nerve- deep perineal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

vaginal fistulae

A

open communication between vagina and one of the adjacent pelvic organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

main types of vaginal fistulae

A

vesicovaginal
- communication with bladder. urine enters vagina

urethrovaginal
- communication with urethra. urine enters vagina during urination

rectovaginal
- communication with rectum. faecal matter can enter vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

cervix anatomical structure

A

ectocervix and Endocervical canal

27
Q

ectocervix

A

portion of cervix that projects into vagina

lined by stratified squamous non-keratinised endothelium

28
Q

External os

A

opening in ectocervix. Marks transition to Endocervical canal

29
Q

endocervix

A

lined by mucus-secreting simple columnar epithelium

Endocervical cnal ends, and the uterine cavity begins at internal os

30
Q

Functions of cervix

A

Facilitates passage of sperm into uterine cavity
- dilation of external and internal os

Maintains sterility of upper female repro tract

  • protects uterine cavity and upper genital tract by preventing bacterial invasion
  • enviornment maintained by frequent wedding of endometrium, thick cervical mucus and a narrow external os.
31
Q

Arterial supply of cervix

A

Uterine Artery

32
Q

Venous drainage of cervix

A

plexus in borad ligament that drains into uterine veins

33
Q

Lymphatic drainage of cervix

A

Iliac, sacral, aortic and inguinal lymph nodes

34
Q

uterus

A

secondary sex organ
matures during puberty under influence of sex hormones produced by ovaries
Responsible for maintenance and transportation of gametes.

35
Q

Anatomical structure and location of uterus

A

thick-walled muscular organ capable of expansion to accommodate growing foetus

Connected distally to vagina, and laterally to uterine tubes

Anteverted with respect to vagina

36
Q

histological structure of uterus

A

peritoneum

  • double layered membrane
  • continuous with abdo peritoneum

myometrium

  • thick smooth muscle layer
  • undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia during pregnancy in preparation to expel foetus at birth

endometrium

  • inner mucous membrane lining uterus
  • deep stratum basalis
  • superficial stratum functionalis: proliferates in response to oestrogen & becomes secretory in response to progesterone, Shed during menstruation
37
Q

ligaments of uterus

A 
broad ligament
round ligament
ovarian ligament
cardinal ligament
uterosacral ligament
38
Q

broad ligament of uterus

A

double layer of peritoneum attaching sides of uterus to pelvis
acts as mesentery for uterus and contributes to maintaining it in position

39
Q

round ligament of uterus

A

remnant of gubernaculum extending from uterine horns to labia major via inguinal canal
functions to maintain anteverted position of uterus

40
Q

ovarian ligament of uterus

A

joins ovaries to uterus

41
Q

cardinal ligament of uterus

A

located at base of broad ligament
extends from cervix to lateral pelvic walls
contains uterine artery and vein in addition to providing support to uterus

42
Q

uterosacral ligament of uterus

A

extends from cervix to sacrum

provides support to uterus

43
Q

Blood supply of uterus

A

uterine artery

44
Q

venous drainage of uterus

A

plexus in broad ligament that drains into uterine veins

45
Q

lymphatic drainage of uterus

A

iliac, sacral, aortic and inguinal lymph nodes

46
Q

innervation of uterus

A

sympathetic nerve fibres: uterovaginal plexus
parasympthetic fibres: pelvic splanchnic nerve (S2-S4)

afferent fibres mostly ascend through inferior hypogastric plexus to enter spinal cord via T10-T12 and L1 nerve fibres

47
Q

Fallopian tubes

A

lie in upper border of broad ligament, extending laterally from uterus, opening into abdo cavity, near ovaries

48
Q

Functions of Fallopian tubes

A

assist in transfer and transport of ovum from ovary to uterus

49
Q

How does fallopian structure help movement of female gamete

A

Inner mucosa is lined with ciliated columnar epithelial cells and peg cells (non-ciliated secretory cells). Waft ovum towards uterus and supply it with nutrients.

smooth muscle layer contracts to assist with transportation of ova nd sperm.
Muscle sensitive to sex steroid- peristalsis is greatest when oestrogen levels are high

50
Q

Anatomical structure of Fallopian tubes

A

fimbriae
- finger-like, ciliated projection which captures ovum from surface of ovary

infundibulum
-funnel-shaped opening near ovary to which fimbriae are attached

ampulla

  • widest section of uterine tubes
  • fertilisation occurs here

Isthmus
- narrow section of uterine tubes connecting ampulla to uterine cavity

51
Q

Arterial supply of Fallopian tubes

A

uterine and ovarian arteries

52
Q

Venous drainage of Fallopian tubes

A

uterine and ovarian veins

53
Q

Lymphatic drainage of Fallopian tubes

A

Iliac, sacral and aortic lymph nodes

54
Q

Innervation of Fallopian tubes

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic via nerve fibres from ovarian and uterine (pelvic) plexuses
Sensory afferent fibres run from T11-L1

55
Q

ovaries

A

female gonads
develop within mesonephric ridge and descend through abdomen
Paired, oval organs attached to posterior surface of broad ligament of uterus by mesovarium.

56
Q

main functions of ovaries

A

produce oocytes in preparation for fertilisation

produce sex steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone, in response to pituitary Gonadotropins (LH and FSH)

57
Q

Components of ovary

A

Surface
- simple cuboidal epithelium
Underlying this layer: dense connective tissue capsule

Cortex
- connective tissue stroma and numerous ovarian follicles
Each follicle contains oocyte, surrounded by single layer of follicular cells

medulla
-formed by loose connective tissue and a rich neuromuscular network- enters via hilum of ovary

58
Q

ligaments of ovary

A

2 peritoneal ligaments

  • suspensory ligament of ovary
  • ligament of ovary
59
Q

suspensory ligament of ovary

A

fold of peritoneum extending from mesovarium to pelvic wall

contains neuromuscular structures

60
Q

ligament of ovary (a peritoneal ligament)

A

extends from ovary to fungus of uterus

continues from uterus to connective tissue of labia magus, as round ligament of uterus

61
Q

Main arterial supply of ovary

A

paired ovarian arteries (arise from abdominal aorta)

Also contribution from uterine arteries

62
Q

Venous drainage of ovary

A

paired ovarian veins

Left ovarian vein drains into left renal vein
Right ovarian vein drains directly into IVC

63
Q

Ovary innervation

A

Sympathetic- ovarian plexus
Parasympathetic- uterine plexus

nerves reach ovaries via suspensory ligament of the ovary- to enter ovary at hilum

64
Q

Lymphatic drainage of ovaries

A

drains into para-aortic nodes

3- Reproduction (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions