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Gross II Final > Pelvic Walls > Flashcards

Pelvic Walls Flashcards

1
Q

What are the subdivisions of the pelvis?

A

Two lateral walls, a posterior wall, and a floor

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2
Q

The bony framework of the lateral wall is what part of the hip bone?

A

That which lies below the pelvic brim

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3
Q

What two things primarily cover the lateral wall of the pelvis?

A

Obturator internus muscle and obturator fascia

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4
Q

What makes up the bony framework of the posterior wall of the pelvis?

A

Sacrum and coccyx

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5
Q

Is the posterior wall convex or concave anteriorly?

A

Concave

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6
Q

What covers the lateral portion of the posterior wall of the pelvis?

A

Piriformis muscle and coccygeus (ischiococcygeus) muscle

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7
Q

Why is the floor of the pelvis more important among humans than other mammals?

A

Because we walk upright

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8
Q

What two things make up the pelvic floor?

A

Peritoneum (above) and pelvic diaphragm (below)

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9
Q

What is the space located between the rectum and bladder called?

A

Rectovesical pouch

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10
Q

What is the lowest point in the peritoneum of the male?

A

Rectovesical pouch

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11
Q

What is the space located between the rectum and uterus?

A

Rectouterine pouch

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12
Q

What is the space located between the bladder and uterus?

A

Vesicouterine pouch

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13
Q

What is a less common but possible site for ectopic pregnancy of the pelvic wall area?

A

Rectouterine pouch

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14
Q

Ascites and blood can pool in which downward reflections of the peritoneum?

A

Rectovesical or rectouterine pouch

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15
Q

What is the major support structure for pelvic viscera?

A

Pelvic diaphragm

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16
Q

The pelvic diaphragm consists of which muscles?

A

Coccygeus (ischiogoccygeus) and levator ani muscles

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17
Q

What is the major constituent of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Levator ani muscle

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18
Q

What is the opening of the pelvic diaphragm that transmits the urethra in males and both the urethra and vagina in females?

A

Urogenital hiatus

19
Q

What is the opening of the pelvic diaphragm that is found in both sexes?

A

Anal aperture

20
Q

What is the origin of the coccygeus muscle?

A

Ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament

21
Q

What is the insertion of the coccygeus muscle?

A

Coccyx and lower part of sacrum

22
Q

What is the nerve supply of the coccygeus muscle?

A

Anterior primary rami of 3rd and 4th sacral nerves

23
Q

What is the function of the coccygeus muscle?

A

Supports pelvic viscera, draws coccyx forward

24
Q

What is the origin of the levator ani muscle?

A

Body of pubis, tendinous arch, ischial spine

25
Q

What is the insertion of the levator ani muscle?

A

Coccyx and anococcygeal ligament

26
Q

What is the nerve supply of the levator ani muscle?

A

Anterior primary rami of 3rd and 4th sacral nerves, perineal branch of pudendal nerve

27
Q

What is the function of the levator ani muscle?

A

As a whole, supports pelvic viscera. Specialized parts of the levator ani perform other functions

28
Q

What is the shape of the levator ani muscle?

A

Funnel-shaped

29
Q

What are the three parts of the levator ani muscle?

A

Iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, and puborectalis

30
Q

What is the most posterior part of levator ani?

A

Iliococcygeus

31
Q

What is the main part of levator ani?

A

Pubococcygeus

32
Q

What part of the levator ani is located around the urogenital hiatus?

A

Pubococcygeus

33
Q

What part of the pubococcygeus forms a sling around the urethra beneath the prostate in the male?

A

Puboprostaticus

34
Q

What part of the pubococcygeus forms a sling around the urethra and vagina in the female?

A

Pubovaginalis

35
Q

What part of the pubococcygeus attaches to the anorectal junction?

A

Puboanalis

36
Q

Which parts of the pubococcygeus function in micturition?

A

Puboprostaticus and pubovaginalis

37
Q

What is micturition?

A

“Bladder emptying”

38
Q

What is the most important muscle for maintaining fecal matter (other than the anal sphincter)?

A

Puborectalis

39
Q

Where is puborectalis located?

A

Behind the anorectal junction as a sling

40
Q

What is the function of puborectalis?

A

Maintains angle at the anorectal junction (perineal flexure)

41
Q

When is puborectalis relaxed?

A

During defecation

42
Q

What is an extra function of puborectalis?

A

Directs the fetal head forward during parturition

43
Q

What is the tendinous arch of levator ani?

A

Curved thickening of the obturator fascia which gives origin to parts of the pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus

44
Q

What can misaligment of the sacrum affect when it comes to the pelvis?

A

Urinary continence, bowel/fecal continence, parturition, and integrity of the pelvic floor

Gross II Final (9 decks)

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