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Anatomy > pelvic wall and floor > Flashcards

pelvic wall and floor Flashcards

1
Q

Name two secondary cartilagenous joints in the pelvic region?

A

lumbrosacral and pubic tubercle

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2
Q

Pelvic boundaries

Posterior wall…..

A

sacrum, coccyx, piriformis

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3
Q

Pelvic boundaries Floor….

A

floor= muscular pelvic diaphragm

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4
Q

Pelvic boundaries Anterior wall …..

A

Pubic bodies, pubic rami and pubic symphysis

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5
Q

which two ligaments form the greater and lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous

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6
Q

what is the inguinal ligament?

A

The inguinal ligament is a band running from pubic tubercle to anterior superior spine. It forms base of inguinal canal through which an indirect inguinal hernia may develop

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7
Q

which sacroiliac ligament is fibrous?

A

Posterior

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8
Q

Which sacroiliac ligament is synovial?

A

Anterior

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9
Q

Name the two male hip shapes

A

Gynecoid and Android

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10
Q

Name the two female hip shapes

A

Anthropoid and Platypelliod

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11
Q

Wall muscles - iliacus

A

> Iliac fossa to join psoas as iliopsoas and insert into lesser trochanter of femur
hip flexion
Femoral nerve

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12
Q

Wall muscles - psoas

A

> T12- L4 bodies and intervertebral discs (superficial) and L1-L5 (deep) to join iliacus as iliopsoas - lesser trochanter of femur

> hip flexion, bend trunk laterally (one), raise trunk from supine position (both)

> Lumber plexus direct branches L2-4 anterior ramii

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13
Q

Name the three gluteal muscles

A

Gluteus maximus, medius and minimus

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14
Q

Where do the gluteal muscles attach ?

A

They attach to pelvic bones but not within pelvic cavity

*more in lower limb lectures

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15
Q

Wall muscles - obturator externus

A

> outer surface of obturator membrane to trochanteric fossa of femur

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16
Q

Wall muscles - obturator internus

A

> inner surface of obturator membrane to medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

> Lateral rotation of hip

> Nerve to obturator internus direct from sacral plexus (L5,S1)

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17
Q

Wall muscles - piriformis

A

> Pelvic surface of sacrum to greater trochanter of the femur
Lateral rotataion of hip
Nerve to piriformis direct branch of sacral plexus (S1, S2)

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18
Q

What is the function of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Muscular floor to prevent prolapse

19
Q

What muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Levator ani and coccygeus

20
Q

What muscle is the muscular roof of the anal triangle?

A

Levator ani

21
Q

Coccygeus

A

> Ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament to the coccyc and inferior sacrum

> support pelvic viscera, flexion of coccyx

> Direct branch from sacrall plexus (S4,5)

22
Q

Levator ani is made up of two main muscles called…

A

Pubococcygeus and Iliococcygeus

23
Q

Pubococcygeus

A

most medial fibres, attach to and support vagina/prostate gland and rectum

24
Q

Iliococcygeus

A

more lateral fibres of levator ani, anterior ro coccygeus

25
Q

What is pubococcygeus split into?

A

Puborectalis, levator prostatae and pubovaginalis

26
Q

Function of levator ani

A

Supports the pelvic viscera - contract during forced expiration, coughing etc

Must relax to allow urination and defecation

27
Q

Pubococcygeus gets motor innervation from …

A

pudendal nerve and nerve to levator ani

28
Q

Levator prostatae

A

Males= most medial fibres pass around the prostate and insert into the perineal body

29
Q

Pubovaginalis

A

Females= most medial fibres pass around vagina and insert into perineal body

30
Q

Puborectalis

A

Both sexes
Fibres mix with those from external anal sphincter, modified as a sling around the rectum to help maintain faecal continence

Important after rectum has filled (internal anal sphincter open)

31
Q

Nerve innervation of Puborectalis

A

Pudendal nerve (S2-4) and nerve to levator ani (S4)

32
Q

3 angles of puborectalis

A

Tonic, Contract , Relax

33
Q

Iliococcygeus

A

Attaches to fascia of obturator internus and the anococcygeal body/ligament /levator plate

More fibrous than pubococcygeus

34
Q

What is described as the tendinous arch of levator ani

A

Iliococcygeus

35
Q

Nerve innervation of Iliococcygeus

A

Pudendal nerve and nerve to levator ani

36
Q

What is the perineal body composed of and what attaches here?

A

Perineal body is composed of fibrous connective tissue

Levator prostatae, pubo vaginalis, external anal sphincter and perineal muscles attach here

37
Q

Parietal pelvic fascia

A

covers internal wall
thickened over obturator internus to form tendinous arch of pelvis

Anterior> puboprostatic ligament (male)
pubovesical liamenr (female)
38
Q

Visceral pelvic fascia

A

Covers organs , parietal and visceral blend as organs pierce the pelvic floor

39
Q

What is the lateral extension of vicera; fascia from vagina to tendinous arch called?

A

Paracolpium

40
Q

Endopelvic fascia

A

Acts as a packaging material around the organs,

41
Q

2 basic types of endopelvic fascia

A

Loose and Condensed

42
Q

Loose endopelvic fascia

A

Fills spaces in the pelvis …e.g the retropubic (pre-vesical) space

43
Q

Condensed endopelvic fascia

A

Thickenings of fascia …eg the primary condensation is the hypogastric sheaths running along the posterolateral walls of the pelvis

Anatomy (14 decks)

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