Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Spine > Pelvic Health > Flashcards

Pelvic Health Flashcards

1
Q

Founder of Pelvic Health in PT

A

Elizabeth Noble in 1977

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 important ligaments on the anterior portion of the pelvis

A
  • Sacroiliac l.
  • Sacrospinous l.
  • Sacrotuberous l.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is the pelvic floor located? Why is it important?

A
  • Pelvic Floor is attached across the base of all things via fascia and ligaments
  • When trauma or pregnancy occurs results in dysfunction and strain, leading to pelvic floor issues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are two anatomical similarities between males and females for pelvic floor?

A
  • Both have Urogenital Urethra and Genital Triangle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What 3 muscle compose the Levator Ani?

A
  • Puborectalis
  • Pubbococcygeus
  • Illicoccygeous

These three muscle function together!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is the puborectalis muscle? Why is it important?

A
  • Comes from the bone near pubic symphysis wrapping around the rectum
  • Squatting places muscle on slack making it easier for things to flow out
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does the puborectalis relate to hip precaution patients?

A
  • Having an elevated toilet seat to stay within precautions results in the muscle staying tight, making it harder to go
  • May need stool softener
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Obturator Internus
- Attachments
- Motions
- Referral Pattern

A

Motions:
- In flexion is an abductor
- In extension is an external rotator

Referral Pattern
- Near butthole/coccyx
- Below right buttcheek, down back of thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is the Obturator Internus so important in regards to pelvic health?

A
  • It is a muscle attachment for the levator ani via fascia
  • Tear results in loss of foundational support for the pelvic floor muscles
  • Present with hip pain, muscle weakness, incontinence, prolapse of organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a kegal?

A
  • Pelvic Floor Muscle Contraction
  • Upward and inward motion
  • Involved Levator Ani
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why is the pudendal nerve important?

A
  • Origin: S2-S4
  • Sensory and Motor to the Pelvic Floor Muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How can you test the Pudendal Nerve?

A
  • Perform a Tenel Test (Nerve Provacation Test)
  • Tap on the nerve
  • Normal: No Sx
  • Positive: Aggravated Sx
  • Test is performed medial to ischial tuberosity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is the Genitofemoral nerve important for pelvic floor?

A
  • Origin: L1-L2

Path:
* Pierces Psoas Muscle
* Splits into two branches: Genital (through inguinal canal to scrotum or labia majora) and Femoral (Fascia lata and femoral sheath to anterior aspect to upper thigh)

  • Action: Sensory and motor to cremaster muscle
  • Neurodynamic mobility: SB and then pull on strotum to perform gliding and tensioning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic - micturition

A
  • Micturition = urination
  • Sympathetic = store urine
  • Parasympathetic: helps you pee; S2-4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Voluntary contraction of pelvic floor muscles provides reflex relaxation of the ____ muscle

A
  • Detrusor
  • Provides control over urge to pee
  • Pro tip for car rides: Squeeze muscles to result in storing more in bladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pelvic Floor Medical Screening Conditions

A
  • Cauda Equina Syndrome (Urinary retention, saddle anethesia, weakness/paralysis more than 1 nerve root) - ER
  • UTI (fever, chills, sweat, blood in urine, painful/frequenct urination, sense of incomplete bladder emptying, foul smelling urine) - Urinalysis
  • Pelvic Infection (abnormal discharge, vaginal itching/burning (Refer for cultures)
  • Kidney Infection (Previous UTI; Results in LBP, Flank Pain)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Impairments vs Pelvic Sx

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is pelvic floor prolapse?

A
  • Dropping down of organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

POP: Cystocele

A
  • Bladder develops a pouch when it prolapses down
  • Only in women
  • Often with chronic coughing
20
Q

When someone has POP you do not want to give them exercises that…

A
  • increase abdominal pressure
21
Q

POP: Uterus

A
  • Uterus comes out
  • Pain after stanfinf a long time or lifting, anything that causes pressure down
22
Q

POP: Rectocele

A
  • Prolapsed rectum
  • Buldges into vagina or up into rectum causing issues with bowels
  • Causes: Chronic coughing, straining, genetic history
23
Q

POP is ____ common.

24
Q

Risk Factors for POP

A
  • Parity (more children)
  • Advancing age
  • Obesity
  • Hysterectomy (Uterus takes up space so taking it out leaves space)
  • Race/ethnicity
    – Latina and Caucasian > African American
  • Chronic constipation
  • Connective tissue disorders
    – Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hypermobile)
  • Family history
  • Heavy lifting
  • Chronic coughing
25
Screening questions for POP
* Do you have a sense of pelvic pressure/heaviness or a sense of things “falling out”? -- Is it worse after prolonged standing, or near the end of the day? * Have you ever felt something bulge out of your vaginal area? * Do you ever experience post-void dribble? * Do you have a chronic cough? * Were/are you a gymnast/ trampolinist? * Do you struggle with constipation or strain to complete BMs? * Do you regularly participate in heavy lifting?
26
Common questionairres for POP
* Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI) - this is more responsive * Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ)
27
POP Tx
Behavioral modifications * Limit straining * Limit heavy lifting * Establish a regular bowel routine Exercise prescription * Kegels * Gravity dependent vs. eliminated * Limit jumping and overhead lifting * Discourage continuous abdominal bracing * Breathing
28
Give examples of exercises for POP, taking into account effects of force and gravity
* DO NOT have them jumping * DO: have then do a leg press and hip bridge
29
Pelvic Floor muscle training for POP resulted in...
* Decreased reports of POP symptoms * Improvement in pelvic organ support/staging
30
Kegels: Verbal Cueing and Prescription
Urine Stop Test * Hold back gas * Pull tip of urethra toward belly button * Lift your "trunk" Reps: 10 second hold 24 reps a day or 2 x 12 reps. Depends on individual. OR quick flicks for fast quick to overcome urgency, sneezing, coughing 5-7 reps in 10 secs.
31
Why is diaphragmatic breathign important?
* Improves parasympathtic * Reduces Sympathetic * Increases QoL (Decreasing anxiety and depression) * Decreases inflammation (decreases C-reactive protein levels in blood) * **As you breath out you create more power and core control** * As you breathe in deep you expand down and around
32
Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise Positions
Note: If obese, supine is likely not yout best option.
33
When should you refer someone with POP to an MD?
* Prolapse outside of the vagina
34
When to refer someone with POP to Pelvic Health PT
* Urine Stop Test: Pt unable to voluntarily stop or slow urine flow * Pt reporting discomfort/inability to participate in traditional PT HEP due to pelvic heaviness/discomfort * Pts needs exceed your level of skill, training or comfort.
35
What are the 5 types of incontinence
* Stress Urinary (Involuntary loss of urine with effort; typically with an increase in abdominal pressure. Lifting, sneezing, cough * Urge (involuntary urinary loss due to environment; associated with triggers) * Mixed (Stress and Urge) * Functional (same urge to urinate but takes them to long to get to bathroom and can't get there in time) * Giggle (loss of urine during intense laughter; mostly children)
36
What is the #1 cause of bed wetting?
Constipation
37
Risk Factors for Urinary incontinence
* Post abdominal surgery * Prostatectomy * Hysterectomy: less support * Increased age * Obesity * Diabetes Mellitus: sugar in urine can irritate the bladder * Depression * Sedentary lifestyle * Constipation: as bowels get full, press on bladder * Chronic respiratory problems * Parity
38
What is a normal urinary frequency?
* Normal voids per 24 hours: 5-7 * Normal nocturnal voids: Under 65 0-1; Over 65 1-2 * Average time between vois 2-5 hours
39
Screening questions for urinary incontinence
* Do you lose urine with coughing, laughing, sneezing, exercise or heavy lifting? * Do you lose urine with or preceded by urgency? * Key in the door, running water * Do you wear a pad? * Frequency: How many times/day do you empty your bladder?
40
Drinking ____ before consuming a bladder irritanct will decrease the number of times you go to the bathroom
water Good irritants: coffeee, carbonated beverages, alcohol, fruits
41
UI Tx
* Weight loss * Kegels * Encourage regular BMs * Strengthen hip rotatiosn (ADD/IR and ABD/ER) * Break association with peeing by doing alternative movements when about to approach trigger * E-stim
42
Weighted Kegels are NOT recommended for people with:
* Prolapse * Cosntipation * Pelvic Pain (Muscle tension)
43
NMES for neuromuscular reeducation - UI
* 50 Hz * Pulse duration: 300 us * Amplitude: 60-80 mA * Duty cycle 5 sec on/10 sec rest * 15 -30 min, 2x/day, 16 weeks | Can use Biofeedback for this!
44
NMES for urge suppression
* 12 Hz * Pulse duration: 300 us * Amplitude: 60-80 mA * Duty cycle 5 sec on/10 sec rest * 15 -30 min, 2x/day, 16 weeks
45
Pelvic floor exercises, E-stim and vaginal cones are ____ treatments for women with UI
equally effective
46

Spine (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions