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M - anatomy (rachel) > pelvic floor/perineum > Flashcards

pelvic floor/perineum Flashcards

1
Q

what muscles make up the lateral walls of the true pelvis

A

obturator internus

piriformis

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2
Q

what muscles make up the inferior lining of the true pelvis

A

pelvic floor muscles/pelvic diaphragm

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3
Q

what separates the pelvic cavity and perineum

A

pelvic floor

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4
Q

what are the two gaps in the pelvic floor for

A

urogenital hiatus - urethra +/- vagina

rectal hiatus - anal canal

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5
Q

where is the perineal body

A

between urogenital hiatus and anal canal

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6
Q

what is the perineal body and what does it do

A

fibrous node that joins the pelvic floor to the perineum

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7
Q

what muscles attach to the perineal body

A

levator ani
bulbospongiosus
superficial and deep transverse perineal muscles
external anal and urethral sphincters

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8
Q

what are the functions of the pelvic floor

A

support abdominopelvic viscera
resist increased inter-pelvic/abdominal pressure
maintain continence

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9
Q

what are the main muscles of the pelvic floor

A

levator ani

coccygeus

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10
Q

what is the innervation of the levator ani muscles

A

pudendal nerve

S4 branch

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11
Q

what are the three sets of paired muscles that make up the levator ani

A

pubococcygeus
puborectalis
iliococcygeus

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12
Q
A

puborectalis

U shaped ring

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13
Q

puborectalis attachments

A

bodies of pubic bones

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14
Q

what is the function of puborectalis

A

contracts to maintain faecal continence

some fibres help maintain urinary continence

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15
Q
A

pubococcygeus

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16
Q

what are the attachments of pubococcygeus

A

pubic bone (lateral to pubococcygeus) to coccyx and anococcygeal ligament

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17
Q
A

iliococcygeus

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18
Q

what are the attachments of iliococcygeus

A

ischial spines to coccyx and anococcygeal ligament

19
Q

what is the order of the levator ani muscles from medial to lateral

A

puborectalis
pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus

20
Q
21
Q

innervation of coccygeus

A

anterior rami S4 and S5

22
Q

attachments of coccygeus

A

ischial spine to lateral aspect of sacrum and coccyx along sacrospinous ligament

23
Q

what is the urogenital triangle

A

anterior half of perineum

24
Q

what are the layers of the urogenital triangle (superficial to deep)

A 
skin 
perineal fascia 
superficial perineal pouch 
perineal membrane 
deep perineal pouch
25
Q

what are the attachments of the superficial transverse perineal muscles

A

ischial tuberosity to perineal body

26
Q

what are the attachments of the deep transverse perineal muscles

A

attachments in deep perineal pouch, perineal body, ischiopubic rami

27
Q

identify the muscles on the picture

28
Q

what is the function of the superficial transverse perineal muscles

A

flexes and stabilised perineal body

29
Q

function of deep transverse perineal muscles

A

forms urogenital diaphragm

anchors perineal body

30
Q

what structures pierce through the pelvic diaphragm/floor

A

urethra

vagina

31
Q

what muscle of pelvis is most likely to be damaged during vaginal delivery

A

pubococcygeus

32
Q

what separates the deep and superficial perineal pouches

A

the perineal membrane

33
Q

what are the contents of the superficial perineal pouch

A

bulbospongiosus (different structure in male/female)
ischiocavernosus (different structure in male/female)
superficial transverse perineal muscles
crura of clitoris (females)
vestibular bulbs (females)
greater vestibular glands (females)

34
Q

what are the contents of the deep perineal pouch

A

external urethral sphincter in males

deep transverse perineal muscle

35
Q

anatomy of bulbospongiosus muscle in females

A

deep to labia

cover vestibular bulbs

36
Q

anatomy of corpora cavernosa in females

A

corpora cavernosa make up the clitoris
V shaped
attach to pubic rami

37
Q

anatomy of bulbospongiosus in males

A

two muscles at base of penis

help maintain erection and empty spongy urethra

38
Q

anatomy of corpora cavernosa in males

A

two erectile tissues

make up the body of the penis

39
Q

anatomy of ischiocavernosus in females

A

sits on top of the two crura of the clitoris
goes from pubic symphysis to cura
maintains erection

40
Q

anatomy of ischiocavernosus in males

A

surrounds the left and right crura of penis

contracts to force blood into corpora cavernosa – maintains erection

41
Q

what nerve innervates the muscles in the superficial and deep perineal pouches

A

deep perineal nerve

42
Q

where does lymph from the clitoris drain to

A

deep inguinal nodes

43
Q

where does lymph from the urethra drain to

A

internal iliac nodes

44
Q

differences between male and female perineum

M - anatomy (rachel) (9 decks)

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