pelvic floor/perineum

Question 1

what muscles make up the lateral walls of the true pelvis

Answer 1

obturator internus

piriformis

Question 2

what muscles make up the inferior lining of the true pelvis

Answer 2

pelvic floor muscles/pelvic diaphragm

Question 3

what separates the pelvic cavity and perineum

Answer 3

pelvic floor

Question 4

what are the two gaps in the pelvic floor for

Answer 4

urogenital hiatus - urethra +/- vagina

rectal hiatus - anal canal

Question 5

where is the perineal body

Answer 5

between urogenital hiatus and anal canal

Question 6

what is the perineal body and what does it do

Answer 6

fibrous node that joins the pelvic floor to the perineum

Question 7

what muscles attach to the perineal body

Answer 7

levator ani
bulbospongiosus
superficial and deep transverse perineal muscles
external anal and urethral sphincters

Question 8

what are the functions of the pelvic floor

Answer 8

support abdominopelvic viscera
resist increased inter-pelvic/abdominal pressure
maintain continence

Question 9

what are the main muscles of the pelvic floor

Answer 9

levator ani

coccygeus

Question 10

what is the innervation of the levator ani muscles

Answer 10

pudendal nerve

S4 branch

Question 11

what are the three sets of paired muscles that make up the levator ani

Answer 11

pubococcygeus
puborectalis
iliococcygeus

Question 12

Answer 12

puborectalis

U shaped ring

Question 13

puborectalis attachments

Answer 13

bodies of pubic bones

Question 14

what is the function of puborectalis

Answer 14

contracts to maintain faecal continence

some fibres help maintain urinary continence

Question 15

Answer 15

pubococcygeus

Question 16

what are the attachments of pubococcygeus

Answer 16

pubic bone (lateral to pubococcygeus) to coccyx and anococcygeal ligament

Question 17

Answer 17

iliococcygeus

Question 18

what are the attachments of iliococcygeus

Answer 18

ischial spines to coccyx and anococcygeal ligament

Question 19

what is the order of the levator ani muscles from medial to lateral

Answer 19

puborectalis
pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus

Question 20

Answer 20

coccygeus

Question 21

innervation of coccygeus

Answer 21

anterior rami S4 and S5

Question 22

attachments of coccygeus

Answer 22

ischial spine to lateral aspect of sacrum and coccyx along sacrospinous ligament

Question 23

what is the urogenital triangle

Answer 23

anterior half of perineum

Question 24

what are the layers of the urogenital triangle (superficial to deep)

Answer 24

skin 
perineal fascia 
superficial perineal pouch 
perineal membrane 
deep perineal pouch

Question 25

what are the attachments of the superficial transverse perineal muscles

Answer 25

ischial tuberosity to perineal body

Question 26

what are the attachments of the deep transverse perineal muscles

Answer 26

attachments in deep perineal pouch, perineal body, ischiopubic rami

Question 27

identify the muscles on the picture

Answer 27

Question 28

what is the function of the superficial transverse perineal muscles

Answer 28

flexes and stabilised perineal body

Question 29

function of deep transverse perineal muscles

Answer 29

forms urogenital diaphragm

anchors perineal body

Question 30

what structures pierce through the pelvic diaphragm/floor

Answer 30

urethra

vagina

Question 31

what muscle of pelvis is most likely to be damaged during vaginal delivery

Answer 31

pubococcygeus

Question 32

what separates the deep and superficial perineal pouches

Answer 32

the perineal membrane

Question 33

what are the contents of the superficial perineal pouch

Answer 33

bulbospongiosus (different structure in male/female)
ischiocavernosus (different structure in male/female)
superficial transverse perineal muscles
crura of clitoris (females)
vestibular bulbs (females)
greater vestibular glands (females)

Question 34

what are the contents of the deep perineal pouch

Answer 34

external urethral sphincter in males

deep transverse perineal muscle

Question 35

anatomy of bulbospongiosus muscle in females

Answer 35

deep to labia

cover vestibular bulbs

Question 36

anatomy of corpora cavernosa in females

Answer 36

corpora cavernosa make up the clitoris
V shaped
attach to pubic rami

Question 37

anatomy of bulbospongiosus in males

Answer 37

two muscles at base of penis

help maintain erection and empty spongy urethra

Question 38

anatomy of corpora cavernosa in males

Answer 38

two erectile tissues

make up the body of the penis

Question 39

anatomy of ischiocavernosus in females

Answer 39

sits on top of the two crura of the clitoris
goes from pubic symphysis to cura
maintains erection

Question 40

anatomy of ischiocavernosus in males

Answer 40

surrounds the left and right crura of penis

contracts to force blood into corpora cavernosa – maintains erection

Question 41

what nerve innervates the muscles in the superficial and deep perineal pouches

Answer 41

deep perineal nerve

Question 42

where does lymph from the clitoris drain to

Answer 42

deep inguinal nodes

Question 43

where does lymph from the urethra drain to

Answer 43

internal iliac nodes

Question 44

differences between male and female perineum

Answer 44