female repro organs

Question 1

what structures make up the birth canal

Answer 1

vagina
cervix
uterus

Question 2

what is the rectouterine pouch

how do you access it

Answer 2

space between the rectum and uterus

through posterior fornix

Question 3

what is the uterovesical pouch

Answer 3

space between bladder and uterus

Question 4

what are the three layers of the uterus

Answer 4

perimetrium/peritoneum
myometrium
endometrium

Question 5

what covers the uterus in the pelvic cavity

Answer 5

peritoneum

Question 6

what is the fundus

Answer 6

top part of uterus above where uterine tubes enter

Question 7

what is the cervix

Answer 7

lower part of the uterus connecting it to the vagina

Question 8

what is the anatomical position of the uterus with respect to the vagina

Answer 8

anteverted

Question 9

what is the anatomical position of the uterus with respect to the cervix

Answer 9

anteflexed

Question 10

where does the uterus lie in relation to the bladder and rectum

Answer 10

postosuperior to bladder

anterior to rectum

Question 11

what are the ligaments of the uterus

Answer 11

broad 
round 
ovarian 
cardinal 
uterosacral

Question 12

what is the blood supply/drainage of the uterus

Answer 12

uterine artery

plexus in broad ligament drains to uterine veins

Question 13

where does sympathetic innervation of the uterus come from

Answer 13

uterovaginal plexus

Question 14

where does parasympathetic innervation of the uterus come from

Answer 14

pelvic splanchnic nerves S2-4

Question 15

what part of uterus is opened in a CS

Answer 15

anterior wall at lower section

Question 16

what are the anatomical relations of the vagina

Answer 16

anterior - bladder and urethra
posterior - rectouterine pouch, rectum, anal canal
lateral - ureters, levator ani muscle

Question 17

what are the fornices of the vagina

Answer 17

domes at superior end of vagina
surround cervix
anterior and posterior fornix
lateral fornices

Question 18

what fornix can be used to access the rectouterine pouch

Answer 18

posterior fornix

Question 19

what are the parts of the uterine tubes

Answer 19

fimbriae
infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus

Question 20

where does fertilisation usually occur

Answer 20

ampulla

Question 21

what is the blood supply and drainage of the vagina

Answer 21

uterine and vaginal arteries

vaginal venous plexus drains to vaginal veins

Question 22

what is the lymphatic drainage of the superior vagina

Answer 22

external iliac nodes

Question 23

lymphatic drainage of middle vagina

Answer 23

internal iliac nodes

Question 24

lymphatic drainage of inferior vagina

Answer 24

superficial inguinal nodes

Question 25

what are the two ligaments of the ovaries

Answer 25

suspensory ligament of ovary | ligament of ovary

Question 26

what is the structure of the suspensory ligament

Answer 26

fold of peritoneum | goes from ovary to lateral pelvic wall

Question 27

what is the structure of the ligament of ovary/ovarian ligament

Answer 27

extends from ovary to fundus of uterus

Question 28

what is the main arterial supply to the ovaries

Answer 28

paired ovarian arteries arising from abdominal aorta

Question 29

where do the ovarian veins drain (different for R and L)

Answer 29

left - left renal vein | right - IVC

Question 30

what is the venous drainage of the ovary

Answer 30

paired ovarian veins

Question 31

where does lymph from ovaries drain into

Answer 31

para-aortic nodes

Question 32

at what vertebral level do the ovarian arteries originate

Answer 32

L2/3

Question 33

what is the anatomical course of the ovarian arteries

Answer 33

descend and pass within suspensory ligament and supply ovaries via broad ligament freely anastomoses with uterine artery

Question 34

what is the lymphatic drainage of the ovaries and fundus of uterus

Answer 34

para-aortic nodes

Question 35

what does the placenta develop from

Answer 35

trophoblast | feto-maternal organ

Question 36

what is the maternal side of the placenta like

Answer 36

rough and spongy

Question 37

what is the fetal surface of the placenta like

Answer 37

smooth with attachment of umbilical cord

Question 38

what are the four functions of the placenta

Answer 38

gas exchange metabolism nutrient exchange endocrine secretion

Question 39

what are the three structures in the umbilical cord

Answer 39

two umbilical arteries | umbilical vein

Question 40

what structure does the umbilical vein persist as

Answer 40

round ligament of liver

Question 41

what are the breasts

Answer 41

modified sweat glands

Question 42

what is the breast mad eup of

Answer 42

15-25 lobes with tubulo-acinar glands and stroma

Question 43

what is the surface anatomy of the breasts

Answer 43

extend vertically from 2/3rd rib to 6th rib | extend horizontally from sternal edge to mid axillary line

Question 44

what is the retromammary space

Answer 44

space behind tissue of breast that helps with movement

Question 45

what is the function of the suspensory ligament of cooper

Answer 45

anchors breast tissue to dermis and supports lobules

Question 46

where do lobules drain to

Answer 46

lactiferous ducts | the ducts converge to form the lactiferous sinus

Question 47

what kind of tissue is the nipple

Answer 47

smooth muscle and collagenous connective tissue

Question 48

what is the arterial supply to the breast

Answer 48

branches of subclavian and axillary arteries

Question 49

what muscles are related to deep surface of breast

Answer 49

pectoralis minor and major | serratus anterior

Question 50

where does most of the lymph from the breasts drain to

Answer 50

axillary nodes

Question 51

what other nodes do the breasts drain to

Answer 51

parasternal | mostly the medial quadrants that drain to here

Question 52

what are the 5 groups of axillary lymph nodes

Answer 52

``` lateral apical central posterior pectoral ```