male repro organs Flashcards
what canal do the testes pass through during development
inguinal canal
what is the spermatic cord
cord beginning at inguinal canal and going to testes
what are the fascial coverings of the spermatic cord
superficial fascia
external spermatic fascia
cremaster fascia
internal spermatic fascia
what blood vessels does the spermatic cord transmit
testicular artery and pampiniform plexus of testicular veins
cremasteric artery and vein
what nerves does the spermatic cord transmit
genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
somatic nerves
what duct does the spermatic cord contain
vas deferens
what is the function of vas deferens
muscular tube conveying sperm from epididymis to ampulla
what is the anatomical course of vas deferens
travels in spermatic cord through inguinal canal
crosses external iliac artery
moves down lateral pelvic wall close to ischial spine
crosses obturator nerve and ureter
passes by posterior surface of bladder
joins duct from seminal vesicle
forms ejaculatory duct
what is testicular tosion
when spermatic cord twists on it’s self and can cut off testicular artery
surgical emergency
what commonly causes testicular torsion
spasm of cremaster muscle
what covers the testes inside the scrotum
tunica vaginalis
two layers - parietal and visceral laminae
what is the function of the tunica vaginalis
closed sac with some fluid to allow friction free movement
what is the fibrous capsule that encloses the testes
tunica albuginea
how are the testes divided into lobules
by diaphragms of the tunica albuginea
what is the anatomical structure of the testes
lobules containing seminiferous tubules that converge to the rete testes where the ductus efferents emerge and the epididymis starts
what are sertoli cells
cells lining seminiferous tubules
help maturation of spermatozoa
what do leydig cells do
produce testosterone
what is the epididymis
heavily coiled duct
goes from efferent tubules of testes to the vas deferens
stores sperm produced by testes
what are the parts of the epididymis
head - efferent tubules of testes empty here
body
tail
what is the innervation of the testes and epididymis
testicular plexus
what is the arterial supply of the testes
testicular arteries
what vertebral level do the testicular arteries arise form the aorta at
L2-3
what structures do the testicular arteries cross before they pass through the inguinal canal
genitofemoral nerve
ureter
anterior to psoas major
what is the venous drainage of the testes
pampiniform plexus to paired testicular veins
where is lymph from the testes drain
lumbar
what are the seminal vesicles
paired glands on posterior surface of bladder
secrete 70% of volume of semen
what is the prostate gland
gland that produces seminal fluid
fused to bladder and surrounds prostatic urethra
what are bulbourethral glands
small paired structures in urogenital diaphragm near the bulb of the penis that empty into spongy urethra to lubricate it for semen
what is the root of the penis
most proximal part
in superficial perineal pouch of pelvic floor
what are the contents of the root of the penis
erectile tissues
ischiocavernosus
bulbospongiosus
what is the structure of the body of the penis
made of three cylinders of erectile tissue
what is the structure of the glans penis
most distal part
conical shape
distal expansion of corpus spongiosum
contains opening of urethra
what are the three masses of erectile tissue
corpora cavernosa x2
corpus spongiosum
what are the corpus cavernosum a continuation of
left and right crura
what is contained by the corpus spongiosum
penile/spongy urethra
where are the bulbospongiosus muscles
root of penis
what is the function of the bulbospongiosus muscles
empties residual urine/semen from urethra
help maintain erection
where are the ischiocavernosus muscles
surrounds left and right crura
what is the function of the ischiocavernosus muscles
force blood from cavernous spaces iin crura into corpus cavernosa to help maintain erection
what are the fascial coverings of the erectile tissue
deep/bucks fascia tunica albuginea (deeper)
what are the two ligaments that support the penis
suspensory
fundiform
structure of suspensory ligament
connects erectile bodies to pubic symphysis/interpubic disc
sling shaped
structure of fundiform ligament
runs down from linea alba and wraps round penis and joins with scrotal septum
arterial supply of penis
dorsal arteries of penis
deep arteries of penis
bulbourethral artery
all branches of pudendal artery
venous drainage of penis
deep dorsal vein of penis
superficial dorsal veins
innervation of penis (spinal cord segments + sensory nerve)
S2-4
dorsal nerve is a branch of pudendal nerve and gives sensory and sympathetic innervation
parasympathetic innervation of penis
peri-prostatic nerve plexus
what are the different parts of the urethra
prostatic
membranous
spongy
describe how sperm travels from testes to glans penis
testes - epididymis - vas deferens (in spermatic cord) - inguinal canal - crosses OVER ureter - ampulla of vas deferens empties into ejaculatory duct (so do the seminal vesicles) - prostatic urethra
what nerve is the cremaster muscle innervated by
genitofemoral
3 layers of vas deferens
muscular layers
inner
circular
outer
