male repro organs

Question 1

what canal do the testes pass through during development

Answer 1

inguinal canal

Question 2

what is the spermatic cord

Answer 2

cord beginning at inguinal canal and going to testes

Question 3

what are the fascial coverings of the spermatic cord

Answer 3

superficial fascia
external spermatic fascia
cremaster fascia
internal spermatic fascia

Question 4

what blood vessels does the spermatic cord transmit

Answer 4

testicular artery and pampiniform plexus of testicular veins
cremasteric artery and vein

Question 5

what nerves does the spermatic cord transmit

Answer 5

genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

somatic nerves

Question 6

what duct does the spermatic cord contain

Answer 6

vas deferens

Question 7

what is the function of vas deferens

Answer 7

muscular tube conveying sperm from epididymis to ampulla

Question 8

what is the anatomical course of vas deferens

Answer 8

travels in spermatic cord through inguinal canal
crosses external iliac artery
moves down lateral pelvic wall close to ischial spine
crosses obturator nerve and ureter
passes by posterior surface of bladder
joins duct from seminal vesicle
forms ejaculatory duct

Question 9

what is testicular tosion

Answer 9

when spermatic cord twists on it’s self and can cut off testicular artery

surgical emergency

Question 10

what commonly causes testicular torsion

Answer 10

spasm of cremaster muscle

Question 11

what covers the testes inside the scrotum

Answer 11

tunica vaginalis

two layers - parietal and visceral laminae

Question 12

what is the function of the tunica vaginalis

Answer 12

closed sac with some fluid to allow friction free movement

Question 13

what is the fibrous capsule that encloses the testes

Answer 13

tunica albuginea

Question 14

how are the testes divided into lobules

Answer 14

by diaphragms of the tunica albuginea

Question 15

what is the anatomical structure of the testes

Answer 15

lobules containing seminiferous tubules that converge to the rete testes where the ductus efferents emerge and the epididymis starts

Question 16

what are sertoli cells

Answer 16

cells lining seminiferous tubules

help maturation of spermatozoa

Question 17

what do leydig cells do

Answer 17

produce testosterone

Question 18

what is the epididymis

Answer 18

heavily coiled duct
goes from efferent tubules of testes to the vas deferens
stores sperm produced by testes

Question 19

what are the parts of the epididymis

Answer 19

head - efferent tubules of testes empty here
body
tail

Question 20

what is the innervation of the testes and epididymis

Answer 20

testicular plexus

Question 21

what is the arterial supply of the testes

Answer 21

testicular arteries

Question 22

what vertebral level do the testicular arteries arise form the aorta at

Answer 22

L2-3

Question 23

what structures do the testicular arteries cross before they pass through the inguinal canal

Answer 23

genitofemoral nerve
ureter
anterior to psoas major

Question 24

what is the venous drainage of the testes

Answer 24

pampiniform plexus to paired testicular veins

Question 25

where is lymph from the testes drain

Answer 25

lumbar

Question 26

what are the seminal vesicles

Answer 26

paired glands on posterior surface of bladder | secrete 70% of volume of semen

Question 27

what is the prostate gland

Answer 27

gland that produces seminal fluid | fused to bladder and surrounds prostatic urethra

Question 28

what are bulbourethral glands

Answer 28

small paired structures in urogenital diaphragm near the bulb of the penis that empty into spongy urethra to lubricate it for semen

Question 29

what is the root of the penis

Answer 29

most proximal part | in superficial perineal pouch of pelvic floor

Question 30

what are the contents of the root of the penis

Answer 30

erectile tissues ischiocavernosus bulbospongiosus

Question 31

what is the structure of the body of the penis

Answer 31

made of three cylinders of erectile tissue

Question 32

what is the structure of the glans penis

Answer 32

most distal part conical shape distal expansion of corpus spongiosum contains opening of urethra

Question 33

what are the three masses of erectile tissue

Answer 33

corpora cavernosa x2 | corpus spongiosum

Question 34

what are the corpus cavernosum a continuation of

Answer 34

left and right crura

Question 35

what is contained by the corpus spongiosum

Answer 35

penile/spongy urethra

Question 36

where are the bulbospongiosus muscles

Answer 36

root of penis

Question 37

what is the function of the bulbospongiosus muscles

Answer 37

empties residual urine/semen from urethra | help maintain erection

Question 38

where are the ischiocavernosus muscles

Answer 38

surrounds left and right crura

Question 39

what is the function of the ischiocavernosus muscles

Answer 39

force blood from cavernous spaces iin crura into corpus cavernosa to help maintain erection

Question 40

what are the fascial coverings of the erectile tissue

Answer 40

``` deep/bucks fascia tunica albuginea (deeper) ```

Question 41

what are the two ligaments that support the penis

Answer 41

suspensory | fundiform

Question 42

structure of suspensory ligament

Answer 42

connects erectile bodies to pubic symphysis/interpubic disc | sling shaped

Question 43

structure of fundiform ligament

Answer 43

runs down from linea alba and wraps round penis and joins with scrotal septum

Question 44

arterial supply of penis

Answer 44

dorsal arteries of penis deep arteries of penis bulbourethral artery all branches of pudendal artery

Question 45

venous drainage of penis

Answer 45

deep dorsal vein of penis | superficial dorsal veins

Question 46

innervation of penis (spinal cord segments + sensory nerve)

Answer 46

S2-4 | dorsal nerve is a branch of pudendal nerve and gives sensory and sympathetic innervation

Question 47

parasympathetic innervation of penis

Answer 47

peri-prostatic nerve plexus

Question 48

what are the different parts of the urethra

Answer 48

prostatic membranous spongy

Question 49

describe how sperm travels from testes to glans penis

Answer 49

testes - epididymis - vas deferens (in spermatic cord) - inguinal canal - crosses OVER ureter - ampulla of vas deferens empties into ejaculatory duct (so do the seminal vesicles) - prostatic urethra

Question 50

what nerve is the cremaster muscle innervated by

Answer 50

genitofemoral

Question 51

3 layers of vas deferens

Answer 51

muscular layers inner circular outer