Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MFSRH part 1 > pelvic embryology > Flashcards

pelvic embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name given to the gonads when they first start development

A

genital ridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what cell layer are the genital ridges (gonad) delivered from ?

a - intramediate mesoderm
b - lateral mesoderm
c - paraxial mesoderm
d- endoderm

A

Intermediate mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where do the germ cells move from to reach the genital ridges

A

germ cells move from the endoderm of the yolk sac to the genital ridges - this process starts at week 4 and finishes by week 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What week in embryological development do the germ cells begin to migrate to the genital ridges?

week 2
week 3
week 4
week 5

A

week 4 the process starts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

at what week in embryological development can we say that migration of germ cells to the genital ridges has completed

A WEEK 4
B WEEK 5
C WEEK 6
D WEEK 7

A

week 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the karyotype of the male gonad

A

XY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the karyotype of the female gonad

A

XX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what gene contained in the male Y chromosome is responsible for the development of the male gonad?

A

SRY gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Under the influence of the SRY gene the sex cords differentiate into what structure?

A

Testis cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where is sperm produced in the male sex cords

A

seminiferous tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Leydig cells develop from what embryological cell layer

A

Intermediate mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what hormone do Leydig cells produce

A

Testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

during which week do leydig cells start to produce testosterone

A WEEK 4
B WEEK 6
C WEEK 8
D WEEK 10

A

WEEK 8 - production of testosterone drives the differentiation of the internal and external genitalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what type of cords develop in the ovaries due to the absence of the SRY gene on the Y chromosome?

A

cortical cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two types of ducts that all embryos contain in the first weeks of urogenital development in the indifferent stage.

A

Mesonephros (wollfian) duct
Paramesonephros (mullerian) duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which ducts remain in men (XY)

A

mesonephros (wolffian) ducts remain whilst the paramesonephros (mullerian) ducts regress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which ducts remain in females (XX)

A

Paramesonephros (mullerian) ducts remain and the mesonephros (wolffian) ducts regress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what hormone do leydig cells produce

A

testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what hormone do sertoli cells produce

A

AMH (anti-mullerian hormone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

under the presence of testosterone what do the mesonephric ducts develop into?

A

testosterone cause mesonephric ducts to differentiate and develop into efferent ductules, epididymis, vas deferent and the seminal vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sertoli cells secrete AMH. What is the purpose of this in male gonads?

A

AMH causes regression of the paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

in men what is the name of the embryological remnant of the paramesonephric duct

A

Appendix testis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

in females what is the name of embryological remnant of the mesonephros (wolffian duct)

A

Vestigial remnant - Gartner’s duct

24
Q

in females the absence of AMH allows for the development of what ducts

A

Paramesonephric ducts

25
Q

What are the three parts of the paramesonephric duct in females and what do they form

A

cranial –> fallopian tubes
horizontal –> fallopian tubes
caudal –> uterus, cervix and upper 1/3 of the vagina

26
Q

Fusion of the caudal paramesonephric ducts leads to formation of what structures in females

A

uterus, cervix and upper 1/3 of the vagina

27
Q

Failure of the paramesonephric ducts to fuse in female embryological development can lead to what anatomical variant

A

bicorne uterus

28
Q

the lower 1/3 of the vagina is formed from what structure

A

sinovaginal bulbs

29
Q

H

A

H

30
Q

what type of cells migrate from the primitive streak to the cloacal membrane to form a pair of cloacal folds?

A

mesenchymal cells

31
Q

fusion cranially of the cloacal folds forms what structure

A

genital tubercule

32
Q

fusion caudally of the cloacal folds form what two structures

A

anteriorly -urethral folds
posteriorly - anal folds

33
Q

what androgen drives differentiation of the male external genitalia

A

DHT (dihydrotestosterone)

34
Q

in men the genital tubercle becomes what structure?

A

phallus (penis)

35
Q

the urethral folds in men develop to become what structure

A

urethral groove, this closes by the fourth month forming the penile urethra

36
Q

what do the genital swellings in men become

A

scrotal swellings

37
Q

failure of the urethral folds to completely close can cause what genital abnormality

A

hypospadias

38
Q

what hormone drives female external genitalia to develop

A

oestrogen

39
Q

what is the embryological origin of the clitoris

A

genital tubercle

40
Q

what is the embryological origin of the labia minora

A

urethral folds

41
Q

what is the embryological origin of the labia major

A

genital swellings

42
Q

what structure attaches the gonads to the scrotum or labia in embryological development?

A

gubernaculum (a ligamentous structure derived from mesenchyme)

43
Q

the scrotal ligament in men is the embryological remnant of what strucutre

A

the gubernaculum

44
Q

what does the gubernaculum become in females following embryological development

A

ovarian ligament and round ligament of the uterus

45
Q

what is the purpose of 5 alpha reductase

A

converts testosterone into DHT

46
Q

by what week are gonadal ridges formed

A

week 6

47
Q

By what week in embryological development are ovaries visible

A

week 9

48
Q

until what week do mullerian and wolffian ducts remain undifferentiated

A

week 8

49
Q

until what week does the urogenital sinus remain undifferentiated until

A

week 9

50
Q

what week in development is external genitalia development completed

A

week 12

51
Q

what embryological cell layer does the urogenital system develop from?

A- paraxial mesoderm
B- intermediate mesoderm
C- lateral mesoderm
D- inferior mesoderm

A

B - intermediate mesoderm

52
Q

a patient is diagnosed with a gartner’s cyst. What is the cause of this pathology

A) failure of paramesonephric duct to degenerate
B) failure of the mesonephic duct to generate
C) failure of the paramesonephric and mesonephric duct to generate
D) failure of the pronephros to degenerate

A

B - failure of the mesonephric duct (also called wolfian duct) to degenerate fully

53
Q

what hormone can be responsible in males for failure of the urethral folds to fuse and lead to hypospadias

A) oestrogen
B) testosterone
C) LH
D) FSH

A

B - testosterone

54
Q

in females what does the lower 2/3rds of the vagina develop from

A

sinovaginal bulb

55
Q

what does the upper 1/3rd of the vagina develop from

A

paramesonephric (mullerian ducts)

56
Q

a patient is diagnosed with vaginal atresia by detection of a transverse septum. What embryological explanation would have caused this clinical finding?

A- failure of the sinovaginal bulb to develop and form the vaginal plate
B- failure of fusion of the paramesonephric ducts
C - failure of cannulisation of the vaginal plate

A

c

57
Q

what is an absent vagina usual

A

MFSRH part 1 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions