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MRCS Part A > Pelvic anatomy > Flashcards

Pelvic anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How many layers exist in the urogenital triangle and name them.

A

4
Deep perineal pouch
Perineal membrane
Superficial perineal pouch
Perneal fascia

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2
Q

What is contained within the deep perineal pouch?

A

Part of the urethra, external urethral sphincter and vagina

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3
Q

What is the function of the perineal membrane?

A

Site of attachment of muscles of external genitalia

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4
Q

What is contained within the superficial perineal pouch?

A

Erectile tissues of penis and clitoris
Ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus and superficial transverse perineal muscles
Bartholins glands

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5
Q

What makes up the perineal fascia?

A

Deep layer
Superficial layer - subdivided into deep (continuation of Scarpa’s fascia) and superficial (continuation of Camper’s fascia)

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6
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

The strong muscular structure that anchors the perineal muscles, sphincter muscles and levator ani

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7
Q

What separates the greater and lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Sacrospinous ligament

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8
Q

Which structure divides the greater sciatic foramen, into two further foramina?

A

Piriformis

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9
Q

What are the three bones that make up the pelvis?

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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10
Q

What is the name of the cartilage that connects the three pelvic bones at the acetabulum?

A

Triradiate cartiliage

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11
Q

Which bone makes up the obturator foramen and what is transmitted?

A

Ischium
Obturator nerve, artery and vein

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12
Q

What are is the greater and lesser pelvis and what does it contain?

A

Greater (false) pelvis is superior and contains the lower abdominal viscera
Lesser (true pelvis) is inferior and consists of the pelvic cavity and viscera
Separated by the pelvic inlet

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13
Q

What are the borders of pelvic brim (boundaries of the inlet)?

A

Posterior - sacral promontory
Lateral - Illiopectineal line
Anterior - pubic symphysis

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14
Q

What are the borders of the pelvic outlet?

A

Posterior - tip of coccyx
Lateral - ischial tuberosities and inferior margin of sacrotuberous ligament
Anterior - public arch

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15
Q

Which muscles attach to the coccyx?

A

Gluteus maximus, levator ani and anococcygeal raphe

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16
Q

What type of cartilage lines the sacroiliac joint and what type of joint is it?

A

Hyaline cartilage
Synovial joint

17
Q

What are the major muscles of the pelvic floor?

A

Puborectalis, pubococcygeous, illioccoccygeous and coccygeous

18
Q

What cell types lines the urethra?

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

19
Q

What is the blood supply to the male urethra?

A

Prostatic urethra = inferior vesical artery
Membranous urethra = bulbourethral artery (internal pudendal artery)
Bulbous urethra = internal pudendal artery

20
Q

Which glands lie on either side of the female urethra and are homologous to the male prostate?

A

Skene’s glands

21
Q

Which vessels supply by the scrotum?

A

Anterior scrotal arteries - external pudendal
Posterior scrotal arteries - internal pudendal
Veins follow arteries draining into the external pudendal veins

22
Q

What is the nerve supply to the scrotum?

A

Anterior and anterolateral - genital branch of genitofemoral nerve and ilioinguinal nerve (anterior scrotal nerves)
Posterior aspect - perineal branches of the pudendal nerve and posterior cutaneous femoral nerve (posterior scrotal nerves)

23
Q

What is the function of the bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s glands)?

A

Contribute to the final volume of semen by providing a lubricating mucus secretion: lubrication, clears out urethral contents ready for ejaculation, helps to neutralise acidity

24
Q

Which muscle forms the glans penis?

A

Corpus spongiosum lies inferiorly and forms the head

25
Q

What are the fascial coverings in the penis?

A

Superficial (Colle’s) fascia lies under the skin and is a continuation of Scarpa’s fascia
Deep (Buck’s) fascia lies deeper and binds the corpus cavernousa and spongiosum together
Tinea albuginea created a roff over corpus spongiosum

26
Q

Which arteries supply the penis?

A

Dorsal and deep penile arteries
Bulbourethral artery
All branches of the internal pudendal artery

Venous is via deep and superficial dorsal penile veins which drain into prostatic plexus

27
Q

What is the broad ligament formed from and what does it cover?

A

Peritoneum
Covers the ovaries posteriorly only, fallopian tubes and surround uterus

28
Q

What are the two ovarian ligaments and their features?

A

Ovarian ligament - connects the ovary to the side of the uterus
Suspensory ligament of ovary - connects the ovary to the lateral abdominal wall and contains ovarian vessels and nerves

29
Q

What ligament is a remnant of the embryonic gubernaculum?

A

Round ligament of uterus - connects the uterine horns to the labia majora

30
Q

Which ligament contains the uterine arteries and nerves?

A

Cardinal ligament of the uterus
Provide support for the cervix and lateral fornix of the vagina

31
Q

What does water under the bridge refer to in regards to pelvis anatomy?

A

Ureter runs under uterine artery 1cm laterally to the internal cervical os, and care must be take during hysterectomy.

Ovarian arteries cross at the level of the pelvic brim

32
Q

What are the branches of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery (anti-clockwise)?

A

Obturator artery
Umbilical artery (gives rise to superior vesical artery)
Inferior vesical artery
Vaginal and uterine arteries (in females)
Middle rectal artery
Internal pudendal artery
Inferior gluteal artery

33
Q

What are the branches of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery?

A

Superior gluteal artery
Iliolumbar artery
Lateral sacral arteries

34
Q

Which veins drain into the external iliac veins?

A

Inferior epigastric
Deep circumflex iliac veins

35
Q

Which veins drain into the internal iliac veins?

A

Correspond with arterial branches of internal iliac:
Superior and inferior gluteal veins
Middle rectal vein
Vesicular veins
Vaginal and uterine veins
Lateral sacral veins
Obturator vein
Internal pudendal vein

36
Q

What is Alcock’s canal?

A

AKA pudendal canal, contains pudendal nerve and internal artery and vein. Runs anterosuperior through the pelvis

37
Q

What are the sensory branches of the pudendal nerve?

A

Inferior rectal
Perineal
Dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris

38
Q

In men, which inferior structure cross the ureters anteriorly?

A

Vas deferens

MRCS Part A (7 decks)

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