Lower limb anatomy Flashcards
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa (medial to lateral)?
Popliteal artery
Popliteal vein
Tibial nerve
Common peroneal nerve
What is the anatomical subdivisions of the foot and how many bones are in each?
Tarsals (7 bones)
Metatarsals (5 bones)
Interphalangeal bones (3 per toe, except the great toe which has 2)
Which muscles attach to the medical cuniform?
Tibialis anterior and posterior (part of), fibularis longus
Which muscles attach to the lateral cuniform?
Flexor hallucis brevis
What are the individual bones tarsal bones (proximial to distal)?
Proximal - Talus (superiorly) and Calcaneus (inferiorly)
Intermediate - Navicular
Distal - Cuboid (most lateral), lateral, middle and medial cuniforms
Name the dorsal intrinsic muscles of the foot, their action and nerve supply.
Extensor Hallucis Brevis - acts to extend the big toe, supplied by deep peroneal nerve
Extensor Digitorum Brevis - acts to extend the lateral 4 toes, supplied by deep peroneal nerve
Their origin is at the calcaneus and inferior extensor retinaculum, and they insert into their respective toes
How many layers make up the intrinsic plantar muscles of the foot?
4 layers
Which muscles make up the most superficial layer (first layer) of intrinsic plantar muscles of the foot?
Abductor Hallucis (supplied by the medial plantar nerve (from tibial)
Flexor Digitorum Brevis (supplied by the medial plantar nerve)
Abductor Digiti Minimi (supplied by the lateral plantar nerve)
What muscles make up the second layer of the intrinsic plantar muscles of the foot?
Quadratus planus (supplied by the lateral plantar nerve) - acts to assist flexor digitorum longus in flexion of toes
Lumbricals x4 (supplied by lateral plantar nerve, except the most medial which is supplied by the medial plantar nerve) - acts to flex at MTPs and extend at IPJs
What muscles make up the third layer of the intrinsic plantar muscles of the foot?
Adductor Hallucis (supplied by the deep lateral plantar nerve)
Flexor Hallucis Brevis (supplied by the medial lateral plantar)
Flexor Digiti mini (supplied by the superficial portion of lateral plantar)
What muscles make up the fourth layer of the intrinsic plantar muscles of the foot?
Plantar and dorsal interossei (supplied by the lateral plantar nerve)
Plantar = adduction (lies on the lateral side of MTs)
Dorsal = abduction of toes (lies on the medial side of MTs)
What are the borders of the adductor canal?
Sartorius (anteriomedial)
Vastus medialis (lateral)
Adductor longus and magnus (posterior)
What are the contents of the adductor canal?
Saphenous nerve (largest cutaneous branch of femoral)
Femoral artery and vein
Nerve to vastus medialis