Lower limb anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa (medial to lateral)?

A

Popliteal artery
Popliteal vein
Tibial nerve
Common peroneal nerve

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2
Q

What is the anatomical subdivisions of the foot and how many bones are in each?

A

Tarsals (7 bones)
Metatarsals (5 bones)
Interphalangeal bones (3 per toe, except the great toe which has 2)

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3
Q

Which muscles attach to the medical cuniform?

A

Tibialis anterior and posterior (part of), fibularis longus

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4
Q

Which muscles attach to the lateral cuniform?

A

Flexor hallucis brevis

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5
Q

What are the individual bones tarsal bones (proximial to distal)?

A

Proximal - Talus (superiorly) and Calcaneus (inferiorly)
Intermediate - Navicular
Distal - Cuboid (most lateral), lateral, middle and medial cuniforms

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6
Q

Name the dorsal intrinsic muscles of the foot, their action and nerve supply.

A

Extensor Hallucis Brevis - acts to extend the big toe, supplied by deep peroneal nerve
Extensor Digitorum Brevis - acts to extend the lateral 4 toes, supplied by deep peroneal nerve
Their origin is at the calcaneus and inferior extensor retinaculum, and they insert into their respective toes

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7
Q

How many layers make up the intrinsic plantar muscles of the foot?

A

4 layers

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8
Q

Which muscles make up the most superficial layer (first layer) of intrinsic plantar muscles of the foot?

A

Abductor Hallucis (supplied by the medial plantar nerve (from tibial)
Flexor Digitorum Brevis (supplied by the medial plantar nerve)
Abductor Digiti Minimi (supplied by the lateral plantar nerve)

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9
Q

What muscles make up the second layer of the intrinsic plantar muscles of the foot?

A

Quadratus planus (supplied by the lateral plantar nerve) - acts to assist flexor digitorum longus in flexion of toes
Lumbricals x4 (supplied by lateral plantar nerve, except the most medial which is supplied by the medial plantar nerve) - acts to flex at MTPs and extend at IPJs

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10
Q

What muscles make up the third layer of the intrinsic plantar muscles of the foot?

A

Adductor Hallucis (supplied by the deep lateral plantar nerve)
Flexor Hallucis Brevis (supplied by the medial lateral plantar)
Flexor Digiti mini (supplied by the superficial portion of lateral plantar)

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11
Q

What muscles make up the fourth layer of the intrinsic plantar muscles of the foot?

A

Plantar and dorsal interossei (supplied by the lateral plantar nerve)
Plantar = adduction (lies on the lateral side of MTs)
Dorsal = abduction of toes (lies on the medial side of MTs)

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12
Q

What are the borders of the adductor canal?

A

Sartorius (anteriomedial)
Vastus medialis (lateral)
Adductor longus and magnus (posterior)

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13
Q

What are the contents of the adductor canal?

A

Saphenous nerve (largest cutaneous branch of femoral)
Femoral artery and vein
Nerve to vastus medialis

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