Pelvic, Abdominal and Thoracic Region Flashcards
What organs do the pelvic, abdominal and thoracic cavities contain?
- Heart.
- Lungs.
- Liver.
- Kidney.
- Spleen.
- Pancreas.
- Stomach.
- Intestines.
- Reproductive organs.
- Bladder.
- Rectum.
What muscles protect the organs anteriorly?
- Rectus abdominus.
- Internal and external obliques.
- Transverse abdominus.
What muscles protect the organs posteriorly?
- Erector spinae.
- Latissimus dorsi.
- Trapezius.
What are the signs and symptoms of severe abdominal injuries?
- Severe pain.
- Bruising.
- External bleeding.
- Nausea.
- Vomiting blood.
- Pain tenderness or tight feeling.
- Signs and symptoms of shock.
- Protruding organs.
How do you treat protruding organs?
- Summon EMS.
- Carefully place casualty on their back.
- Avoid direct pressure.
- Leave organs as they are.
- Remove clothing from around the area.
- Apply warm moist sterile dressings loosely over the injury.
- Cover dressings with loose plastic.
- Cover with light blanket or towel to keep warm.
- Administer oxygen.
What is the function of the kidneys and its most common mechanism of injury?
Removes waste products from the blood and initiates excursion to urinary bladder.
Common MOI: a blow to the back.
What are the signs and symptoms of an injury to the kidneys?
- Spasm of back muscles and severe pain.
- Signs and symptoms of shock.
- Blood in the urine.
- Shock
What is the function of the spleen and its most common mechanism of injury?
Produces red blood cells as well as white blood cells and also has a lymphatic function.
MOI: direct blow (can rupture).
What are the signs and symptoms of an injury to the spleen?
- Abdominal rigidity.
- Nausea.
- Kehr’s sign: pain referred to lower left chest and shoulder area.
What are the signs and symptoms of an injury to the bladder?
- Will feel the need to urinate but won’t be able to.
- Blood in urine (can occur up to 48 hours).
How do you treat an injury to male genitalia?
- Do not pump legs or lift and drop the athlete (there may be an associated pelvic fracture).
- Lay on back with hips flexed, high towards chest.
- Use an ice compress.
What are the different mechanisms of injury for a thoracic injury?
- Direct blow: from a helmet or hitting the ground.
- Indirect blow: falling on an object (ex. falling while holding a football against the ribs which causes a fracture).
What are the different types of thoracic injuries?
- Pneumothorax.
- Haemothorax.
- Puncture sucking chest wound.
- Flail chest.
What is a pneumothorax?
Occurs when the pleural cavity is punctured, the air escapes and the lung collapses.
What is a haemothorax?
Occurs when the lung is punctured and the pleural cavity and the lung fills with blood.
