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Sport First Responder > Medical Conditions and Sudden Illnesses > Flashcards

Medical Conditions and Sudden Illnesses Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some common sudden illnesses?

A
  • Syncope (fainting).
  • Diabetic emergencies.
  • Seizures.
  • Stroke.
  • Poisonings.
  • Anaphylaxis.
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2
Q

What are the general signs and symptoms of sudden illnesses?

A
  • Changes in levels of consciousness.
  • Light headed.
  • Nausea.
  • Dizziness.
  • Headache.
  • Weakness.
  • Change in breathing, heart rate and skin temperature.
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3
Q

What are the general treatment guidelines of medical conditions?

A
  • Do no harm and reassure the patient.
  • Maintain ABC’s.
  • Consider EMS.
  • Symptoms (OPPQRST).
  • Treat for shock.
  • Use oxygen when appropriate.
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4
Q

What is syncope (fainting)?

A

A temporary reduction in the perfusion of the brain which causes a complete or transient decrease level of consciousness that last a few seconds to minutes.

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5
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of syncope (fainting)?

A
  • Lightheaded.
  • Appears/feels ill.
  • May complain of tingling in fingers and toes.
  • Shock like symptoms.
  • Altered level of consciousness.
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6
Q

How do you treat syncope (fainting)?

A
  • Position on a flat surface on their back.
  • Elevate legs.
  • Monitor ABC’s.
  • Loosen clothing.
  • Activate EMS if symptoms don’t improve.
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7
Q

What is a diabetic emergency?

A

Occurs when a persons pancreas does not produce enough insulin.

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8
Q

What is hypoglycemia?

A

Low blood sugar and too much insulin.

Blood glucose is transported too rapidly into cells and not enough into the blood stream.

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9
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia?

A
  • Rapid onset condition.
  • Rapid bounding pulse.
  • Shallow breathing.
  • Cool clammy skin.
  • Combative.
  • Disorientated.
  • Decreased level of consciousness.
  • Headache.
  • Hunger.
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10
Q

What is hyperglycemia?

A

Elevated blood sugar level with inadequate insulin production.

Glucose remains in the blood stream.

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11
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia?

A
  • Slow onset of symptoms.
  • Flushed dry warm skin.
  • Rapid weak pulse.
  • Sweat acetone breath.
  • Increased hunger and thirst.
  • Frequent urination leading to dehydration.
  • Later stages appears intoxicated.
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12
Q

How do you treat a diabetic emergency?

A
  • Monitor the ABC’s.
  • From SAMPLE (M=insulin?, L=food intake?).
  • Give sugar (only if conscious).
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13
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a seizure?

A
  • Staring into space.
  • Day dreaming.
  • May smell burnt toast.
  • May see bright light.
  • Minor myoclonic jerks.
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14
Q

What are the four stages of a seizure?

A
  1. Aura: unusual sensation preceding seizure often alerts patient episode is about to occur.
  2. Tonic: muscles become tense and rigid.
  3. Clonic: jerky and relaxed motion.
  4. Postictal: recovery period, confusion and exhaustion initially. As time progresses LOC improves.
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15
Q

How do you treat a seizure?

A
  • Protect from injury.
  • Monitor ABC’s when seizure stops.
  • If fluid is present in the mouth place the casualty in position to allow drainage.
  • If LOC does not improve be ready for another seizure.
  • Perform secondary survey.
  • Reassure the casualty.
  • Call EMS if needed.
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16
Q

For a seizure when should be EMS be activated?

A
  • The seizure lasts longer then a few minutes.
  • The casualty has repeated seizures.
  • The casualty appears to be injured.
  • The casualty is pregnant, a known diabetic or a child.
  • The casualty fails to regain consciousness.
  • The seizure takes place in water.
17
Q

What is anaphylaxis?

A

A condition resulting from exposure to an allergen that triggers an antibody response in the body.

The first exposure sets up the bodies immune system to develop antibodies. When a person is allergic to an antigen the body overproduces the antibodies.

Histamine further causes swelling, hives, itchy and swollen eyes.

18
Q

How do you treat anaphylaxis when breathing is affected?

A
  • Immediately call EMS.
  • Keep casualty breathing by administering antihistamines (4mgx2); takes about 10 minutes to become affective.
  • Use Ana-kit or Epi-pen (2 doses will probably be required).
19
Q

How do you treat anaphylaxis due to an insect sting?

A
  • Examine site for a stinger.
  • Attempt to remove stinger and possible venom sack by scrapping it away from the skin.
  • Wash the site with soap and water and keep it covered
  • Apply cold to help with the pain.
20
Q

What is asthma?

A

A narrowing of the airway in the lungs due to:

  • Tightening of the muscles in the airway
  • Swelling of the inner lining of the airway (bronchi and bronchioles).
  • An increase in the amount and thickness of the mucus in the bronchioles.
21
Q

What are the causes of an acute asthma attack?

A
  • House dust.
  • Smoke.
  • Pollen.
  • Insects.
  • Animal dander.
  • Certain foods and drugs.
  • Stress and emotional upsets.
22
Q

How do you treat an acute asthma attack?

A
  1. Right medicine, right person, right route.
  2. Check the expiration dates.
  3. Patient must be alert to use the inhaler.
  4. Check if the patient has already taken any doses.
  5. Shake the inhaler vigorously.
  6. Stop administering O2 if you where using it.
  7. Ask patient to exhale deeply and place inhaler close to the lips.
  8. Depress inhaler while breathing in deeply.
  9. Get patient to hold their breath for about 10 seconds.
  10. Continue with supplemental O2 and repeat with inhaler as prescribed.
23
Q

What are the different ways a poison can enter the body?

A
  • Ingestion: entering by the mouth (house hold cleaners, plants, improperly prepared foods).
  • Inhalation: taken in by breathing (gases, vapors, sprays).
  • Absorption: absorbed through the skin and body tissue (corrosive chemicals, plant oils, marine animals).
  • Injection: enter directly into the blood stream (insects, certain marine life, hypodermic needles, cuts or punctures).
24
Q

How do you treat a poison that has been ingested?

A
  • Call 911.
  • Do not make them vomit.
  • Dilution with water (2 8oz glasses), milk may also work.
25
Q

How do you treat a poison that has been inhaled?

A
  • Call 911.
  • Remove from harmful environment.
  • Do not do mouth to mouth.
26
Q

How do you treat a poison that has been absorbed?

A
  1. (within 10 minutes), cleanse exposed areas with rubbing alcohol.
  2. Wash the exposed areas with water only for at least 15 minutes.
  3. Late a shower with soap and warm water.
  4. Wearing gloves, wipe everything down that was on you with rubbing alcohol and water.
27
Q

How do you treat a poison the has been injected?

A
  • Check the ABC’s.
  • Determine the cause and inspect the site.
  • Remove stingers by scraping it away.
  • Carefully remove ticks.

Sport First Responder (14 decks)

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