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Sport First Responder > Human Body Systems > Flashcards

Human Body Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the five major body cavities?

A
  1. Cranial cavity: brain.
  2. Spinal cavity: spinal cord.
  3. Thoracic cavity: trachea, esophagus, heart & lungs, spine and ribs.
  4. Abdominal cavity: spleen, liver, pancreas, stomach and intestines.
  5. Pelvic cavity: rectum, colon and ureter.
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2
Q

What are the abdominal quadrants?

A
  1. Right upper quadrant: liver, kidney, colon, pancreas and gallbladder.
  2. Left upper quadrant: liver, spleen, kidney, stomach, colon and pancreas.
  3. Right lower quadrant: colon, intestines, iliac artery & vein, ureter and appendix.
  4. Left lower quadrant: colon, intestines, iliac artery & vein and ureter.
  5. Midline: aorta, pancreas, intestines, bladder and spine.
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3
Q

What are the major body systems?

A
  1. Skeletal system: bones.
  2. Muscular system: muscles.
  3. Integumentary system: skin.
  4. Circulatory system: heart and vessels.
  5. Respiratory system: lungs.
  6. Digestive system: stomach and intestines.
  7. Genitourinary system: reproductive and urinary organs.
  8. Endocrine system: hormones.
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4
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a respiratory emergency?

A
  • Noisy breathing sounds.
  • Absence/uneven chest movement.
  • Shallow or deep breathing.
  • Irregular breathing
  • Skin colour: blue or ashen.
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5
Q

What are the corrective measures for a respiratory emergency?

A
  • Clear airway.
  • Maintain airway: head tilt chin lift, OPA, NPA.
  • Respiratory support: bag valve mask, supplemental oxygen.
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6
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a circulatory emergency?

A
  • Increasing then decreasing heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate.
  • Pale skin.
  • Altered level of consciousness.
  • Shock symptoms.
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7
Q

What are the corrective measures for a circulatory emergency?

A
  • Control bleeding.
  • Calm and reassure.
  • Supply oxygen.
  • Treat for shock.
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8
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a muscloskeletal emergency?

A
  • Deformity.
  • Asymmetry.
  • Inflammation.
  • Lost or reduced distal circulation.
  • Sounds.
  • Neurological symptoms.
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9
Q

What are the corrective measures for a muscloskeletal emergency?

A
  • Expose and evaluate injured site.
  • Immobilize the injured limb.
  • Apply ice.
  • Treat for shock.
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10
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a neurological emergency?

A
  • Concussion signs and symptoms.
  • Altered breathing or cardiac function.
  • Altered sensations.
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11
Q

What are the corrective measures for a neurological emergency?

A
  • Consider C-spine stabilization.
  • Activate EMS.
  • Monitor ABC’s.
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12
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a endocrine emergency?

A

Hypoglycemia: pale moist skin, full rapid pulse, headache, dizziness, shallow breathing, extreme hunger.

Hyperglycemia: dry warm skin, rapid weak pulse, sweat fruity breath, restless, hyperventilating, unresponsive (late stages)

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13
Q

What are the corrective measures for a endocrine emergency?

A
  • If uncertain of what is happening give a sugar substance.

- If hyperglycaemic or if it is the first incidence activate EMS.

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14
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a digestive emergency?

A
  • Severe abdominal pain.
  • Cramping.
  • Found in the fetal position (most comfortable)
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15
Q

What are the corrective measures for a digestive emergency?

A
  • Rest calm and reassure the patient.

- Referral to medical attention.

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16
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a genitourinary emergency?

A
  • Low back or lower abdominal pain.
  • Painful micturation.
  • Hematuria.
  • Shock symptoms.
17
Q

What are the corrective measures for a genitourinary emergency?

A
  • Rest calm and reassure the patient.

- Referral to medical attention.

18
Q

What are the universal precautions in emergency first aid?

A
  1. Disease transmission relating to a first responder is a two way process.
  2. Pathogen is a disease producing organism that enter the body.
  3. Infectious diseases are typically borne by one of six types of pathogens. (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, rickets and parasites)
  4. For a disease to be transmitted certain criteria must be met.
19
Q

What four criteria must be met for a disease to be transmitted?

A
  1. A pathogen must be present.
  2. There must be sufficient quantity of the pathogen.
  3. A person must be vulnerable to the specific disease.
  4. A correct entry site for the specific pathogen.
20
Q

What ways can a pathogen enter the body?

A
  1. Direct contact: touching fluids from an infected person.
  2. Indirect contact: touching objects, clothing, etc that have become contaminated with blood or other fluids.
  3. Airborne: inhaling air droplets from an infected source.
  4. Vector borne: ticks, animal and insect bites.
21
Q

How are certain diseases transmitted?

A
  • Herpes: direct contact.
  • Meningitis: airborne, direct and indirect contact.
  • Tuberculosis: airborne, direct and indirect contact.
  • Hepatitis: direct and indirect contact.
  • HIV/AIDS: direct and indirect contact.
22
Q

What are the criteria for universal precautions?

A
  1. Personal protective equipment: gloves, masks, etc.
  2. Personal Hygiene practices: hand washing.
  3. Engineering controls: removal of hazard from the environment.
  4. Work practice controls: safe practices for cleaning up.

Sport First Responder (14 decks)

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