Peer teaching must knows Flashcards
What ECG changes would be found in pericarditis?
Saddle shaped ST & PR depression
What ECG changes would be found in hyperkalaemia?
Tall tented T waves & pathological Q waves
What ECG changes would be found in hear attack?
STEMI = ST elevation Non-stemi = nothing
What ECG changes would be found in angina?
STRESS ECG for stable
ST Depression
What ECG changes would be found in atrial fibriliation?
Absent P wave, irregularly irregular
What is the classic pericarditis pain?
Pain when lead down, alleviated by leaning fowards
What is the heart murmur associated with mitral regurgitation?
Pansystolic
What is the heart murmur associated with mitral stenosis?
Early diastolic
What is the heart murmur associated with mitral valve replacement?
Early systolic click
What is the heart murmur associated with aortic stenosis?
Ejection systolic crescendo-decrescendo
What is first line anti-hypertensive for over 55s/Afro Carribeans?
Amlodipine - calcium channel blocker
When do you treat hypertension?
160/100
or
140/90 with symptoms
Are thiazide-like diuretics first line?
No
What is first line anti-hypertensive for under 55s/non-Afro Carribeans?
-Prils/-sartans = ACEi/ARB
Eg. ramipril/candesartan
What is the pharmocologcal name for GTN spray?
Isomorbide mononitrate
What is the mode of action of NSAIDs?
Inhibit COX - inhibits production of thromboxane A2
What is the mode of action of warfarin?
Prevents vit. K soluble clotting factors.
What is the mode of action of heparin?
Inhibits thrombin and factor Xa
What are hand presentations of infective endocarditis?
- Janeaway lesions
- Oslar nodes
- Splinter haemorrages
- Clubbing
What is the equation for CO?
CO = HR x SV
What is the equation for BP?
BP = CO x Total peripheral resistance
What is the blood test for heart failure diagnosis?
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
BNP = ventricle issue ANP = atrium issue
What is the blood test for heart attack diagnosis?
Troponin I
CK-MB
What measurable hormone is high in hypertenstion?
ANP
What causes cough? (Side affect of ACEi)
Bradykinin
What is the test for coeliac?
IgA tissue transglutaminase or IgA endomysial antibody
What is the test for SLE?
Anti-DsDNA
What is the test for rheumatoid athritis?
Rheumatoid factor
What is the test for vasculitis?
ANCA
What class is loperamide?
Immodium = anti-motility/antidiarrheal agents
What class is omeprazole?
Proton pump inhibitor
What class is metronidazole?
Antibiotic - common in GI
What class is methotrexate?
DMARD - rheumatoid arthritis
What ethnicity is a volvulus large bowel obstruction common in?
South africans
What symptoms does volvulus large bowel obstruction present with?
No stool. No surgery (indicates adhesions). Left-iliac abdominal region pain.
What condition does smoking reduce the severity of symptoms for?
Ulcerative collitis
What is the presentation of ascending cholangitis?
Right upper quadrant pain, fever, yellowing of skin and sclera, positive murphy’s sign.
What hepatitis is DNA?
Hep B
Which hepatitis is spead faeco-oral?
A & E
Which hepatitis is spread with bodily fluids?
B & C & D
What does Wilson’s disease cause?
Low calcium
Caiser-fisher rings
What does haemochromatosis cause?
Low Fe2+
Common in northern europeans
What is the treatment for peptic ulcers?
PAC MAN
PPI
Amoxicillin
Clathromycin
What is the histology of gout?
Needle shaped crystals which have -ve birefringent
What is the mode of action of bisphosphates?
Inhibit osteoclast activity and cause osteoclast apoptosis
What bacteria results in conjuncitvitis, urethritis and bone stiffness/pain?
Chlamydia
What is the gene associated with alkylosing spondylitis?
HLA B27
What blood results confirm lupus?
High ESR, normal CRP
Anti DsDNA +ve
What blood test confirms giant cell arthritis?
ANCA+ve
What are the T-score ranges of a DEXA scan?
0 –> -1 = normal
-1 –> -2.5 = osteopenia
< -2.5 (esp. + fracture) = osteoporosis
