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Phase 2a Lauren > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Name the common intracellular bacteria?

A

Rickettsia
Chlamydia
Coxiella

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2
Q

What bacteria can grow on artificial media but have no cell wall?

A

Mycoplasm

Ureaplasma

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3
Q

Name the common spirochates?

A

Treponema
Leptospira
Borrella

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4
Q

Name the common gram negative cocci?

A

Neisseria
Moraxella
Veillonella

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5
Q

Name the anaerobic gram positive cocci?

A

Peptostreptococcus

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6
Q

What type of bacteria are aerobic gram positive cocci in clusters?

A

Staphlococcus

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7
Q

Are staphlococci catalase positive or negative?

A

Positive

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8
Q

What type of bacteria are aerobic gram positive cocci in chains?

A

Streptococcus

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9
Q

Are streptococci catalase positive or negative?

A

Negative

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10
Q

Name an alpha-haemolytic gram positive cocci chain that is optochin sensitive?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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11
Q

Name an alpha-haemolytic gram positive cocci chain that isn’t optochin sensitive?

A

Viridans group streptococci

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12
Q

What type of bacteria are aerobic gram positive cocci in clusters?

A

Staphlococcus

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13
Q

Name a beta-haemolytic gram positive cocci chain?

A

Group A Strep (S. pyogenes)
Group B Strep (S. agalactiae)
Group G Strep ( S. dysgalactiae)

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14
Q

Name a non-haemolytic gram positive cocci chain?

A

Group D Strep (S. bovis, Enterococcus spp.)

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15
Q

Name a coagulase positive gram positive cocci in clusters?

A

Staphlococcus aureus

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16
Q

Name a coagulase negative gram positive cocci in clusters?

A

Staphlococcus epidermidis

Staphlococcus saprophiticus

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17
Q

Name a gram positive aerobic rod?

A

Corynebacterium
Listeria
Bacillus

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18
Q

Name a gram positive anaerobic rod?

A

Clostridium

Propionibacterium

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19
Q

Name a gram negative aerobic rod that is a lactose fermenter?

A

Escherichia

Klebsiella

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20
Q

Name a gram negative aerobic rod that is not a lactose fermenter?

A

Salmonella
Shigella
Proteus
Pseudomonas (it is oxidase positive)

21
Q

Name a gram negative aerobic rod that is not a lactose fermenter or lactose fermenter?

A 
Vibrio
Camplyobacter
Helicobacter
Haemophilus
Bordatella
Legionella
22
Q

Name a gram negative anaerobic rod?

A

Bacteroides

23
Q

What are Zeihl-Neelsen/Acid fast positive?

A

Mycobacteria - rods

24
Q

Name some MTB complex Ziehl-Neelsen positive?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium bovis
Mycobacterium africanum

25
Q

Name some non-tuberculous mycobacterium Ziehl-Neelsen positive?

A 
Mycobacterium avium
Mycobacterium kansasii
Mycobacterium marinum
Mycobacterium ulcerans
Mycobacterium fortuitum
etc.
26
Q

Name a Ziehl-Neelsen positive non-cultivable?

A

Mycobacterium leprae

27
Q

What colour is a stained gram positive?

A

Purple

28
Q

What colour is a stained gram negative?

A

Pink

29
Q

How would you carry out a gram stain?

A

Fixation –> crystal violet stain –> iodine treatment –> decolourisation –> counter stain (safranin)

30
Q

In what year was the great plague of London?

A

1334 spread from China

31
Q

In what year was the Mexico smallpox epidemic?

A

1519

32
Q

In what year was the great flu epidemic?

A

1918

33
Q

In what year was HIV identified?

A

1984

34
Q

In what year was severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) identified?

A

2003

35
Q

When was the global H1N1 flu pandemic?

A

2009

Swine flu, type A influenza

36
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

An organism that causes or is capable of causing disease

37
Q

What is a commensal?

A

An organism which colonises the host but causes no disease in normal circumstances/

38
Q

What is an opportunistic pathogen?

A

A microbe that only causes disease if host defences are compromised.

39
Q

What is virulence/pathogenicity/

A

The degree to which a given organism is pathogenic.

40
Q

What is asymptomatic carriage?

A

When a pathogen is carried harmlessly at a tissue site where it causes no disease.

41
Q

What is the difference between gram positive and gram negative bacteria?

A

Gram negative have two membranes (inner and outer) while gram positive only have the outer.
Gram positive have much more peptidoglycan.

42
Q

What is endotoxin?

A

Component of the outer membrane of bacterial eg. lipopolysaccharide in gram negative bacteria

43
Q

What is exotoxin?

A

Secreted proteins of gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

44
Q

Compare endo and exotoxin?

A 
Composition:
Exo - protein. Endo - lipopolysaccharide
Action:
Exo = specific. Endo = non-specific
Heat effect:
Exo = labile. Endo = stable
Antigenicity:
Exo = strong. Endo = weak
Produced by:
Exo = gram positive mostly. Endo = LPS gram negative
Converted to toxoid:
Exo = yes. Endo = no
45
Q

What are the 3 types of gene transfer in bacteria?

A

Transformation eg. via plasmid
Transduction eg. via phage
Conjugation eg. via sex pilus

46
Q

What is haemolysis?

A

Ability of bacteria to break down RBCs in blood agar - requires expression of hemolysin.

47
Q

What is alpha haemolysis and how does it present?

A

Caused by production of hydrogen peroxide oxidising haemoglobin to methemoglobin. Agar apears green.

48
Q

What is beta haemolysis and how does it present?

A

Lysis of RBS by hemolysin. Large clear areas around the bacteria.

49
Q

What is gamma haemolysis?

A

No haemolysis.

Phase 2a Lauren (15 decks)

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