PEE 3.2 Food and Water Resources

Question 1

An underconsumption
of calories or nutrients that leaves the
body weakened and susceptible to
disease.

Answer 1

Undernutrition

Question 2

An overconsumption of
calories that leaves the body susceptible
to disease.

Answer 2

Overnutrition

Question 3

Our goals:

Answer 3

1) End poverty in all its forms everywhere
2) End hunger, achieve food security and
improved nutrition and promote
sustainable agriculture

Question 4

A situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to
sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an
active and healthy life.

Answer 4

Food Security

Question 5

FOUR COMPONENTS of Food Security

Answer 5

AAUS
1. Availability
2. Access
3. Utilization
4. Stability

Question 6

The amount of food that is present in a country or area through all forms of
domestic production, imports, food stocks and food aid.

Answer 6

Availability

Question 7

Entails ensuring people have adequate access (physical, economic and social) to food
through either growing, purchasing, being gifted, bartering or trading for it.

Answer 7

Access

Question 8

Generally focuses on how the body uses the various nutrients in food to enable
that person performs his/her daily activities.

Answer 8

Utilization

Question 9

Refers to the concept that food must be present always in terms of the other three
components in order for food security to exist.

Answer 9

Stability

Question 10

The lack of adequate physical, social or economic
access to enough safe and nutritious food necessary for normal growth and development and an active and healthy life.

Answer 10

Food Insecurity

Question 11

Effect of food insecurity as

Answer 11

HUNGER

Question 12

The assurance that food will not cause harm to the consumer when it is
prepared and/or eaten according to its intended use.

Answer 12

Food Safety

Question 13

RA No. 10611

Answer 13

“FOOD SAFETY ACT OF 2013.”

Question 14

Before COVID

Answer 14

Population affected

Question 15

During COVID Pandemic

Answer 15

Climate Shocks
Conflict
Locust Crisis
COVID 19

Question 16

As people become more affluent they are deemed to
begin eating food that is richer in protein and other
nutrients and usually in higher volumes.

Answer 16

Economic-driven Food Consumption

Question 17

As people become more affluent they are deemed to
begin eating food that is richer in protein and other
nutrients and usually in higher volumes.

Answer 17

Economic-driven Food Consumption

Question 18

Materials intended for human consumption that are
subsequently discharged, lost, degraded or
contaminated.

Answer 18

Food Loss and Food Waste

Question 19

Wasted food = ?

Answer 19

Wasted food = wasted land, fertilizer, water and associated environmental problems such as greenhouse gas emissions

Question 20

Challenges to Agriculture

Answer 20

LGIE
1. Loss of Agricultural Land
2. Global Decline in Domesticated Plant and Animal Varieties
3. Increasing Crop and Livestock Yields
4. Environmental Impacts

Question 21

conversion of agricultural land and urbanization

Answer 21

Loss of Agricultural Land

Question 22

Replacing the local varieties of crops or domesticated farm animals with just a
few kinds

Answer 22

Global Decline in Domesticated Plant and Animal Varieties

Question 23

Intensification of food production to meet the ever-increasing demand of
human population

Answer 23

Increasing Crop and Livestock Yields

Question 24

Natural capital degradation

Answer 24

Environmental Impacts

Question 25

Environmental Impacts

Answer 25

BSWA 1. Biodiversity Loss 2. Soil 3. Water 4. Air Pollution

Question 26

Biodiversity Loss

Answer 26

- Conversion of grasslands, forests, and wetlands to crops or rangeland. - Fish kills from pesticide runoff - Killing of wild predators to protect livestock - Loss of agrobiodiversity replaced by monoculture strains.

Question 27

Soil

Answer 27

- Erosion - Loss of fertility - Salinization - Waterlogging - Desertification

Question 28

Water

Answer 28

- Aquifer depletion - Increased runoff, sediment pollution, and flooding from cleared land. - Pollution from pesticides - Algal blooms and fish kills caused by runoff of fertilizers and farm wastes.

Question 29

Air Pollution

Answer 29

- Emissions of greenhouse gases CO2 from fossil fuel use, N2O from inorganic fertilizer use, and methane (CH4) from cattle. - Other air pollutants from fossil fuel use and pesticide sprays.

Question 30

The uppermost layer of Earth’s crust, which supports terrestrial plants, animals, and microorganisms. Formed from parent material by weathering processes

Answer 30

Soil

Question 31

Mostly organic matter and humus; plant litter accumulates and decays.

Answer 31

O-horizon

Question 32

Dark; high concentration of organic matter

Answer 32

A-horizon (topsoil)

Question 33

Light-colored; litter and nutrient minerals leached from A-horizon accumulate here.

Answer 33

B-horizon (subsoil)

Question 34

(Weathered parent material): Below roots, often saturated with groundwater.

Answer 34

C-horizon

Question 35

(Parent Material)

Answer 35

Consolidated bedrock

Question 36

Soil Problems

Answer 36

1. Soil Erosion 2. Soil Pollution

Question 37

The wearing away or removal of soil from the land. A process caused by water, wind and other agents but accelerated by human activities.

Answer 37

Soil Erosion

Question 38

Any physical or chemical change in soil that adversely affects the health of plants and other organisms living in or on the soil. Soil pollutants may include fertilizers and pesticides, salts (salinization), petroleum products, and heavy metals.

Answer 38

Soil Pollution

Question 39

The wise use of soil resources, without a reduction in the amount or fertility of soil, so it is productive for future generations.

Answer 39

Sustainable Soil Use

Question 40

Soil Conservation and Regeneration

Answer 40

CCCST 1. Conservation Tillage 2. Crop Rotation 3. Contour Plowing 4. Strip Cropping 5. Terracing

Question 41

A method of cultivation in which residues from previous crops are left in the soil, partially covering it and helping to hold it in place until the newly planted seeds are established.

Answer 41

Conservation Tillage

Question 42

The planting of a series of different crops in the same field over a period of years.

Answer 42

Crop Rotation

Question 43

Plowing that matches the natural contour of the land.

Answer 43

Contour Plowing

Question 44

A special type of contour plowing that produces alternating strips of different crops along natural contours.

Answer 44

Strip Cropping

Question 45

Creating ‘terraces’ or are small earthen embankments placed across a steep hillside or mountain that curbs water flow and reduces the amount of soil erosion.

Answer 45

Terracing

Question 46

Agricultural methods that maintain soil productivity and a healthy ecological balance while having minimal long-term impacts. (also called alternative or low-input agriculture)

Answer 46

Sustainable Agriculture

Question 47

Sustainable Intensification

Answer 47

1) MORE FOOD: Intensification that meets the demand 2) SAME LAND AREA: Intensification without expansion 3) LESS IMPACTS: Intensification while lowering GHG emission

Question 48

OUR TARGET >> ???

Answer 48

OUR TARGET >> SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION

Question 48

Possible Solutions for Environmental Impacts of Food Production

Answer 48

1) Preserving the quality of agricultural soil 2) Organic Agriculture (with no pesticides) and Integrated Pest Management or IPM (with limited use of pesticides) 3) Genetic Engineering, the manipulation of genes (for example, taking a specific gene from one species and placing it into an unrelated species) to produce a particular trait 4) Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO) 5) Aquaculture, the rearing of aquatic organisms, especially of marine mollusks

Question 49

Trade-offs for Environmental Impacts of Food Production

Answer 49

1. Genetically Modified Crops and Foods 2. Animal Feedlots and CAFOs 3. Aquaculture

Question 50

Water continuously circulates through the environment resulting to a balance of the water resources in the ocean, on the land, and in the atmosphere.

Answer 50

The Hydrologic Cycle

Question 51

Level of Water

Answer 51

1. Surface water 2. Runoff 3. Groundwater 4. Aquifers

Question 52

Precipitation that remains on the surface of the land and does not seep down through the soil.

Answer 52

Surface water

Question 53

The movement of fresh water from precipitation and snowmelt to rivers, lakes, wetlands, and the ocean.

Answer 53

Runoff

Question 54

The supply of fresh water under Earth’s surface that is stored in underground aquifers.

Answer 54

Groundwater

Question 55

Underground reservoirs in which groundwater is stored.

Answer 55

Aquifers

Question 56

Water Resource Problems 3 Categories:

Answer 56

- too much water - too little water - poor-quality water

Question 57

5 Water Resource Problems

Answer 57

1. AQUIFER DEPLETION 2. SALT INTRUSION 3. OVERDRAWING SURFACE WATERS 4. SALINIZATION OF IRRIGATED SOIL 5. OTHER ISSUES - Freshwater shortages - Sharing water resources among countries

Question 58

the removal of groundwater faster than it can be recharged by precipitation or melting snow

Answer 58

AQUIFER DEPLETION

Question 59

the movement of seawater into a freshwater aquifer near the coast

Answer 59

SALT INTRUSION

Question 60

Removing too much fresh water from a river or lake can have disastrous consequences in local ecosystems. Humans can remove perhaps 30 percent of a river’s flow without greatly affecting the natural environment. In some places, considerably more is withdrawn for human use. In the arid American Southwest, it is not unusual for 70 percent or more of surface water to be removed.

Answer 60

OVERDRAWING SURFACE WATERS

Question 61

The gradual accumulation of salt in soil, often as a result of improper irrigation methods.

Answer 61

SALINIZATION OF IRRIGATED SOIL

Question 62

OTHER ISSUES

Answer 62

- Freshwater shortages - Water stress is a phrase used to describe countries where water consumption exceeds by >20% the available, renewable water supply. - Sharing water resources among countries

Question 63

A physical or chemical change in water that adversely affects the health of humans and other organisms.

Answer 63

Water Pollution

Question 64

Water pollution that can be traced to a specific spot

Answer 64

Point source pollution

Question 65

Pollution that enter bodies of water over large areas rather than being concentrated at a single point of entry

Answer 65

Nonpoint source pollution

Question 66

The wise use of water resources, without harming the essential functioning of the hydrologic cycle or the ecosystems on which present and future humans depend.

Answer 66

Sustainable Water Use

Question 67

Main goals of a dam-and-reservoir system:

Answer 67

- capture and store the surface runoff from a river’s watershed - release it as needed to control floods - generate electricity (hydropower) - supply freshwater for irrigation and for towns and cities

Question 68

Water Conservation

Answer 68

1. Reducing Agricultural Water Waste 2. Reducing Water Waste in Industry 3. Reducing Municipal Water Waste

Question 69

A type of irrigation that conserves water by piping it to crops through sealed systems

Answer 69

Microirrigation Reducing Agricultural Water Waste

Question 70

Industries may recapture, purify, and reuse water to reduce their water use and their water treatment costs.

Answer 70

Reducing Water Waste in Industry

Question 71

Recycle (gray water) or reuse water to reduce consumption. Also done by providing consumer education, requiring water-saving household fixtures, developing economic incentives to save water, repairing leaky water supply systems and increasing the price of water to reflect its true cost.

Answer 71

Reducing Municipal Water Waste

Question 72

Preventing Water Pollution at Your Home