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Water Code > PEE 1.1 Human Use of the Earth > Flashcards

PEE 1.1 Human Use of the Earth Flashcards

1
Q

The natural resources and ecosystem
services that keep us and other species
alive and support human economies.

A

Natural Capital

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2
Q

Natural Capital Formula

A

Natural Capital = Natural Resources + Ecosystem Services

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3
Q

Materials and energy in nature that are essential or useful to humans

A

Natural Resources

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4
Q

Processes provided by healthy ecosystems that support life and human economies at no monetary cost to humans

A

Ecosystem Services

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5
Q

Supply is continuous or expected to
last for a very long time―at least 6
billion years in the case of our sun

A

Inexhaustible resources

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6
Q

Can be replenished by natural processes within hours to centuries, as long as we do not use it up faster than natural processes can renew it

A

Renewable resources

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7
Q

Renewable resources examples

A

e.g., air, trees, topsoil, freshwater

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8
Q

Inexhaustible resources examples

A

e.g., solar, wind, geothermal energy

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9
Q

Those necessary for all other ecosystem services, and their impacts on people are either indirect or occur over a very long time period.

A

Supporting services

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10
Q

The products obtained from ecosystems

A

Provisioning services

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11
Q

Provisioning services examples

A

food and fiber, fuel, freshwater, genetic
resources, biochemicals, natural
medicine, and pharmaceuticals

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12
Q

Supporting services examples

A

primary production, atmospheric oxygen
production, nutrient and water
cycling, and pollination

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13
Q

Exist in a fixed quantity, or stock, in the earth’s crust

A

Nonrenewable (depletable or
exhaustible) resources

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14
Q

Nonrenewable (depletable or exhaustible) resources examples

A

e.g., fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, coal)

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15
Q

The benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes

A

Regulating services

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16
Q

Regulating services examples

A

air quality
maintenance, climate regulation,
water regulation, erosion control,
water purification and waste
treatment, regulation of disease,
and storm protection

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17
Q

The nonmaterial benefits people obtain from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, reflection, recreation, and aesthetic experiences

A

Cultural services

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18
Q

The waste, depletion, or destruction of any of the earth’s natural capital.

A

Natural Capital Degradation

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19
Q

Contamination of the environment by any chemical or other agent such as noise or heat to a
level that is harmful to the health, survival, or activities of humans or other organism

A

Pollution

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20
Q

Single, identifiable sources

A

Point sources

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21
Q

Dispersed and often difficult to identify

A

Nonpoint sources

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22
Q

Involves cleaning up or diluting
pollutants after we have
produced them

A

Pollution cleanup

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23
Q

Efforts focused on greatly
reducing or eliminating the
production of pollutants

A

Pollution prevention

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24
Q

When the number of users is small, this
logic works. Eventually, however, the
cumulative effect of large numbers of
people trying to exploit a widely
available or shared resource can
degrade it and eventually exhaust or
ruin it.

A

The Tragedy of the Commons

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25
Q

The harmful environmental impact

A

Ecological footprint.

26
Q

The average ecological footprint of an
individual in a given country or area

A

Per capita ecological footprint

27
Q

Ecological footprint > Biological capacity to replenish resources

A

ECOLOGICAL DEFICIT

28
Q

Ecological footprint < Biological capacity to replenish resources

A

ECOLOGICAL RESERVE/CREDIT

29
Q

I in the IPAT Model

A

Impact (I)

30
Q

P in the IPAT Model

A

Population (P)

31
Q

A in the IPAT Model

A

Affluence (A)

32
Q

T in the IPAT Model

A

Technology (T)

33
Q

IPAT Model

A

Impact (I) = Population (P) × Affluence (A) × Technology (T)

34
Q

The lifestyles of the world’s expanding
population of consumers are built on growing
affluence as more people achieve higher
incomes.

A

Unsustainable Resource Use

35
Q

A condition in which people are
unable to fulfill their basic needs for
adequate food, water, shelter, health care,
and education

A

Poverty

36
Q

Companies using resources to provide goods for consumers generally are
not required to pay for most of the harmful environmental and health costs
of supplying such goods.

A

Avoidance of Full-cost Pricing

37
Q

Today, more than half of the world’s
people (and three out of four people in the
more developed countries) live in urban
areas, and this shift from rural to urban living
is continuing at a rapid pace.

A

Increasing Isolation from Nature

38
Q

What is ultimately good for a person: basic needs are met, individuals have
a sense of purpose, they feel able to achieve important personal goals, and participate in
society.

A

Wellbeing

39
Q

Enough basic necessities and enough income and wealth

A

Enough material resources

40
Q

Length and quality of a person’s life

A

Health

41
Q

Liberty of action and autonomy

A

Freedom

42
Q

Secure access to resources, safety, and predictable
and controllable environment

A

Security

43
Q

Social cohesion, mutual respect, good
gender and family relations and the ability to help other

A

Good social relations

44
Q

Your set of assumptions and values reflecting how you think the world works and what you think
your role in the world should be

A

Environmental Worldview

45
Q

The natural world is primarily a
support system for human life

A

Human-centered

46
Q

All species have value as participating members of the biosphere, regardless of their potential or actual use to humans

A

Life-centered

47
Q

Humans are part of, and dependent on, nature and that the earth’s life-support system exists for all species, not just for us

A

Earth-centered

48
Q

The capacity of the earth’s natural systems and
human cultural systems to survive, flourish and
adapt to changing environmental conditions into
the very long-term future

A

Sustainability

49
Q

3 things to consider to achieve Sustainability

A

People & Place
Economy
Environment

50
Q

Scientific Principles

A

Dependence on solar energy
Biodiversity
Chemical cycling (or nutrient cycling)

51
Q

Solar energy warms the planet and provides
energy that plants use to produce nutrients
necessary for their own life processes and for
most animals, including humans.

A

Dependence on solar energy

52
Q

This refers to the variety of genes, organisms,
species, and ecosystems. The interactions
among species provide vital ecosystem
services and keep any population from
growing too large. It also provides countless
ways for life to adapt to changing
environmental conditions.

A

Biodiversity (short for biological diversity)

53
Q

This is the circulation of chemicals necessary
for life from the environment (mostly from soil
and water) through organisms and back to
the environment.

A

Chemical cycling (or nutrient cycling)

54
Q

The inclusion of the harmful environmental
and health costs of producing and using
goods and services in their market prices.

A

ECONOMICS
Full-cost pricing

55
Q

Learning to work together in dealing with
environmental problems by recognizing our
interdependent connections

A

POLITICAL SCIENCE
Win-win solutions

56
Q

Leaving the planet’s life-support systems in at
least as good a condition as that which we
now enjoy, if not better, for future
generations

A

ETHICS
A responsibility to future generations

57
Q

What keep us and other
species alive and support our economies

A

Natural capital

58
Q

Many human activities can degrade natural capital by using normally renewable resources faster than nature can restore them and by overloading the earth’s normally renewable air and water systems with pollution and wastes

A

Natural capital degradation

59
Q

Scientific, economic, and political
solutions to these problems

A

Solutions

60
Q

Compromises when dealing with
conflicts

A

Trade-offs

61
Q

The daily actions of each
and every individual are important

A

Individuals matter

Water Code (12 decks)

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