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PCM 2020 Final > Peds Vaccinations > Flashcards

Peds Vaccinations Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the TWO main benefits of vaccinations

A

Individual immunity

Herd immunity: people who cannot receive the vaccine are more protected because the likelihood of an outbreak is decreased

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2
Q

When community vaccination rates drop _____ the treshold of herd immunity, _________ disease outbreaks can occur

A

below

widespread

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3
Q

This age group receives the most concentrated series of vaccines

A

0-2 years old

they are the MOST vulnerable

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4
Q

In this form of immunization, the antigen is administered to the host to induce

formation of antibodies

cell mediated immunity

A

ACTIVE

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5
Q

What do active immunizations utilize?

A

Inactivated or killed materials

Live attenuated agents

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6
Q

Why is active immunization preferred over passive?

A

Higher antibody levels for longer periods

sometimes forms concurrent cell mediated immunity

Passive immunity can cause reactions and several of the immune components do not last as ling

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7
Q

Describe passive immunization

A

The transfer of immunity to a host with pre-formed immunologic products

(Igs or products of the immune system)

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8
Q

Which type of immunization is needed if immunity is needed NOW

A

Passive because it increases the immunity factors immediately

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9
Q

What is included with “vaccines with sub-unit antigens”?

A

include the “parts”that best stimulate immune responses

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10
Q

_______ _______ include pathogens that are surrounded by a polysaccharide capsule and are immunogenic

A

conjugated vaccines

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11
Q

When conjugated to carrier proteins (usually capsular or outer-membrane proteins), immune response is ___________

A

strengthened

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12
Q

What are scenarios in which you SHOULD NOT use a live attenuated vaccines

A

Immunocompromised

if they have received blood products in the recent past

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13
Q

List some of the conjugate vaccines

A 
– Meningococcal
– Pneumococcal
– Haemophilus Influenzae type B
– Hepatitis B
– Influenza (injection)
– Human papilloma virus (HPV)
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14
Q

List some of the non-conjugate, inactivated or killed vaccines

A

– Hepatitis A
– Polio (injection, also known as IPV)
– Rabies

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15
Q

List some of the live attenuated viruses

A 
– Measles-mumps-rubella
– Varicella
– Rotavirus
– Influenza (nasal spray)
– Zoster (shingles) for adults
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16
Q

What two factors determine when a vaccine should be given?

A

When the boys immune system is working the best

Need to provide protection to infants and children at the earliest possible age

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17
Q

An extra card was added

A

ignore this one. Happy studying.

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18
Q

_______ is a disease that occurs at a consistent rate in population

A

endemic

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19
Q

How would you counsel a patient regarding the vaccine myths

A

Risk of getting disease/ dying from disease is much worse than risks of vaccine

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20
Q

How often should the influenza vaccine be administered?

A

Yearly

21
Q

For children between 6 months to 9 years old, describe their flu vaccinations

A

2 doses that are given 28 days apart

22
Q

Describe the quadrivalence of the flu vaccine

A

Two As and two Bs

23
Q

List and briefly describe the ways in which the flu virus is able to change

A

antigenic drift: small changes in the viral genes

antigenic shift: LARGE Changes in the virus

24
Q

Who are the most susceptible to the flu virus? (highest mortality?)

A

very young

very old

chronically ill

25
Q

how many meningococcal vaccines are available?

A

Two quadrivalent conjugate vaccines: protect against strains A/C/Y and W-135

Two non-conjugate vaccines targeting serogroup B

26
Q

When is it recommended that children receive this vaccine?

A

start a 2 dose series at 11-12 years of age

second dose at 16-18

27
Q

Describe the pneumococcal vaccine

A

conjugated 13-valent vaccine

given to children 2, 4, 6, and 12-15 months of age

28
Q

There is a non-conjugate 23 valentine’s pneumococcal vaccine that is given to high risk patients, what are some of these “high risks”?

A

Chronic lung disease

Chronic cardiac, renal, and hepatic disease

Diabetes

Immunocompromising conditions (sickle cell, HIV, and malignancy)

**given at 2+ years

29
Q

______ _______ is an important cause of respiratory tract disease (pneumonia, otitis media, and sinusitis), bacteremia and meningitis

A

Strep pneumoniae

30
Q

______ was once a leading cause of bacteremia, meningitis , cellulitis, and epiglottitis

A

Hib

31
Q

Hib capsular antigen is conjugated to either a _______ or ______ _______ derived carrier protein

A

tetanus or Neisseria meningitidis

32
Q

When should Haemophilus Influenzae Type B Vaccines

be administered?

A

Given in 3-4 doses at months 2, 4, 6, and 12-15

**usually done in combination with DPT/IPV

33
Q

_______ _______ is a common cause of acute and chronic liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma,
and death worldwide.

A

Hepatitis B

34
Q

What is the component that is found in the Hep B vaccination?

A

Recombinant DNA-produced hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)

35
Q

When is the Hep B series started?

A

At birth

another one at 1-2 months

6 months

36
Q

Describe the Hep A vaccination and when it is given

A

Two single-antigen inactivated hepatitis A vaccines are available for use in children

12 months and 18-30 months

37
Q

What are the things that are vaccinated against in a DTaP vaccination

A

Diphtheria
Whooping cough
Tetanus

38
Q

_______ is an acute membranous pharyngitis that can cause respiratory obstruction

A

Diphtheria

39
Q

_____ ______ can cause pneumonia, apnea, seizures, encephalopathy, high mortality in young infants

A

whooping cough

40
Q

Describe what happens in tetanus

A

severe muscle spasms provoked by a neurotoxin

41
Q

When is the DTaP vaccine administered

A

2,4 and 6 months of age, 15-18 months of age, 4-6 years of age

Tdap at 7 yrs of age, Td every 10 years (or 5 years if a dirty wound)

42
Q

When is the polio vaccination administered?

A

2, 4, 6-18 months

4-6 years

43
Q

Why does the US only use the IPV version of the polio vaccine as opposed to the OPV?

A

IPV is inactivated and is preferred to the OPV (live attenuated) because there is a small risk of vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis with live attenuated vaccine

Risk of transmission wit h the live virus

44
Q

______ can cause genital warts, genital cancers (particularly cervical cancer), anal and head-and-neck cancers, and rarely laryngeal papillomatosis (via vertical transmission during vaginal delivery)

A

HPV

45
Q

When is it recommended that children receive the HPV vaccine?

A

11-12 years

46
Q

When are the MMR vaccines administered?

A

2 doses, one at 12 months and the other at 4-6 years

47
Q

When is the MMRV vaccination used

A

For the booster dose

48
Q

What is the rotavirus vaccination? What does she do?

A

Live virus

Helps to prevent acute diarrheal disease in healthy infants

49
Q

When are the doses of the rotavirus vaccination given?

A

– 2,4, (and 6) months of age

– First dose should not be administered after 14 weeks and 6 days of age

PCM 2020 Final (9 decks)

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