Peds Vaccinations Flashcards by Tori Tyler

Describe the TWO main benefits of vaccinations

Individual immunity

Herd immunity: people who cannot receive the vaccine are more protected because the likelihood of an outbreak is decreased

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When community vaccination rates drop _____ the treshold of herd immunity, _________ disease outbreaks can occur

below

widespread

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This age group receives the most concentrated series of vaccines

0-2 years old

they are the MOST vulnerable

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In this form of immunization, the antigen is administered to the host to induce

formation of antibodies

cell mediated immunity

ACTIVE

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What do active immunizations utilize?

Inactivated or killed materials

Live attenuated agents

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Why is active immunization preferred over passive?

Higher antibody levels for longer periods

sometimes forms concurrent cell mediated immunity

Passive immunity can cause reactions and several of the immune components do not last as ling

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Describe passive immunization

The transfer of immunity to a host with pre-formed immunologic products

(Igs or products of the immune system)

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Which type of immunization is needed if immunity is needed NOW

Passive because it increases the immunity factors immediately

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What is included with “vaccines with sub-unit antigens”?

include the “parts”that best stimulate immune responses

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_______ _______ include pathogens that are surrounded by a polysaccharide capsule and are immunogenic

conjugated vaccines

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When conjugated to carrier proteins (usually capsular or outer-membrane proteins), immune response is ___________

strengthened

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What are scenarios in which you SHOULD NOT use a live attenuated vaccines

Immunocompromised

if they have received blood products in the recent past

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List some of the conjugate vaccines

– Meningococcal
– Pneumococcal
– Haemophilus Influenzae type B
– Hepatitis B
– Influenza (injection)
– Human papilloma virus (HPV)

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List some of the non-conjugate, inactivated or killed vaccines

– Hepatitis A
– Polio (injection, also known as IPV)
– Rabies

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List some of the live attenuated viruses

– Measles-mumps-rubella
– Varicella
– Rotavirus
– Influenza (nasal spray)
– Zoster (shingles) for adults

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What two factors determine when a vaccine should be given?

When the boys immune system is working the best

Need to provide protection to infants and children at the earliest possible age

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An extra card was added

ignore this one. Happy studying.

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_______ is a disease that occurs at a consistent rate in population

endemic

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How would you counsel a patient regarding the vaccine myths

Risk of getting disease/ dying from disease is much worse than risks of vaccine

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How often should the influenza vaccine be administered?

Yearly

For children between 6 months to 9 years old, describe their flu vaccinations

2 doses that are given 28 days apart

Describe the quadrivalence of the flu vaccine

Two As and two Bs

List and briefly describe the ways in which the flu virus is able to change

antigenic drift: small changes in the viral genes

antigenic shift: LARGE Changes in the virus

Who are the most susceptible to the flu virus? (highest mortality?)

very young

very old

chronically ill

how many meningococcal vaccines are available?

Two quadrivalent conjugate vaccines: protect against strains A/C/Y and W-135 Two non-conjugate vaccines targeting serogroup B

When is it recommended that children receive this vaccine?

start a 2 dose series at 11-12 years of age second dose at 16-18

Describe the pneumococcal vaccine

conjugated 13-valent vaccine given to children 2, 4, 6, and 12-15 months of age

There is a non-conjugate 23 valentine's pneumococcal vaccine that is given to high risk patients, what are some of these "high risks"?

Chronic lung disease Chronic cardiac, renal, and hepatic disease Diabetes Immunocompromising conditions (sickle cell, HIV, and malignancy) **given at 2+ years

______ _______ is an important cause of respiratory tract disease (pneumonia, otitis media, and sinusitis), bacteremia and meningitis

Strep pneumoniae

______ was once a leading cause of bacteremia, meningitis , cellulitis, and epiglottitis

Hib

Hib capsular antigen is conjugated to either a _______ or ______ _______ derived carrier protein

tetanus or Neisseria meningitidis

When should Haemophilus Influenzae Type B Vaccines | be administered?

Given in 3-4 doses at months 2, 4, 6, and 12-15 **usually done in combination with DPT/IPV

_______ _______ is a common cause of acute and chronic liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and death worldwide.

Hepatitis B

What is the component that is found in the Hep B vaccination?

Recombinant DNA-produced hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)

When is the Hep B series started?

At birth another one at 1-2 months 6 months

Describe the Hep A vaccination and when it is given

Two single-antigen inactivated hepatitis A vaccines are available for use in children 12 months and 18-30 months

What are the things that are vaccinated against in a DTaP vaccination

Diphtheria Whooping cough Tetanus

_______ is an acute membranous pharyngitis that can cause respiratory obstruction

Diphtheria

_____ ______ can cause pneumonia, apnea, seizures, encephalopathy, high mortality in young infants

whooping cough

Describe what happens in tetanus

severe muscle spasms provoked by a neurotoxin

When is the DTaP vaccine administered

2,4 and 6 months of age, 15-18 months of age, 4-6 years of age Tdap at 7 yrs of age, Td every 10 years (or 5 years if a dirty wound)

When is the polio vaccination administered?

2, 4, 6-18 months 4-6 years

Why does the US only use the IPV version of the polio vaccine as opposed to the OPV?

IPV is inactivated and is preferred to the OPV (live attenuated) because there is a small risk of vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis with live attenuated vaccine Risk of transmission wit h the live virus

______ can cause genital warts, genital cancers (particularly cervical cancer), anal and head-and-neck cancers, and rarely laryngeal papillomatosis (via vertical transmission during vaginal delivery)

HPV

When is it recommended that children receive the HPV vaccine?

11-12 years

When are the MMR vaccines administered?

2 doses, one at 12 months and the other at 4-6 years

When is the MMRV vaccination used

For the booster dose

What is the rotavirus vaccination? What does she do?

Live virus Helps to prevent acute diarrheal disease in healthy infants

When are the doses of the rotavirus vaccination given?

– 2,4, (and 6) months of age | – First dose should not be administered after 14 weeks and 6 days of age