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PCM 2020 Final > Approach to Renal and GU complaint > Flashcards

Approach to Renal and GU complaint Flashcards

1
Q

What are the markers of kidney damage?

A

Protein in urine

Abnormal urinary sediment

Abnormal kidney biopsy

Abnormal renal imaging

Electrolyte abnormalities

hx of kidney transplant

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2
Q

If the GFR is less than this, you should be concerned about chronic kidney disease

A

60

**if it has been going on for more than 3 months, then the patient has acute kidney injury

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3
Q

What GFR defines CKD Stage 1

A

> 90

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4
Q

What GFR defines CKD Stage 2?

A

60-89 mild decrease in GFR

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5
Q

What GFR defines CKD Stage 3a?

A

45-59

mild to moderate decrease

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6
Q

What GFR defines CKD Stage 3b?

A

30-44

moderate to severe decrease

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7
Q

What GFR defines CKD Stage 4?

A

15-29

severe decrease

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8
Q

What GFR defines CKD Stage 5?

A

<15

Kidney failure/ESRD

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9
Q

What is the prevalence of CKD?

A

15% of the Us adults

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10
Q

What are the CKD risk factors?

A

DM
HTN
CVD
AKI

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11
Q

List the signs and symptoms of CKD?

A 
edema 
HTN
Decreased urine output 
Foamy urine 
Hematuria 
Uremia 
Pericardial friction rub 
Asterixis 
Uremic frost
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12
Q

What are the 3 “simple” tests to fully diagnose CKD?

A

eGFR
urine albumin to creatinine OR urine protein to creatinine ratio
urinalysis

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13
Q

What is expected to be found on an ultrasound for the CKD

A

atrophic or small kidneys

cortical thinning

Increased echogenicity

Elevated resistive indices

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14
Q

What will happen to serum creatinine rate as the GFR decreases?

A

The serum creatinine levels rise as GFR drops

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15
Q

What happens to the GFR after the age of 30-40?

A

declines by 1 ml/min/year

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16
Q

What are some of the complications of CKD?

A

CVD

Chronic kidney disease- mineral and bone disease

anemia of CKD

Electrolyte abnormalities

metabolic acidosis

volume overload

uremia

HTN

17
Q

What are the indications for dialysis?

AEIOU

A

Acidosis

Electrolyte disturbance

Ingestion

Volume Overload

Uremia

18
Q

This is the term for an elevated BUN without sx

A

Azotemia

19
Q

This is the term for an elevated BUN with symptoms

A

Uremia

20
Q

What are the stages of AKI based off of?

A

Serum creatinine and urine output

21
Q

What are the major risk factors for AKI

A

Old age

proteinuria

CKD

HTN

DM

HTN

cardiac surgery

fluid overload

sepsis

22
Q

What are some of the causes of AIN (acute interstitial nephritis)

A

Drugs (most)

infections

autoimmune disorders

23
Q

List major complications of AKI

A

Development of CKD

Progression of CKD

CVD

ESRD

24
Q

Based on the described urinary pattern, what kidney disease is suggested?

Renal tubular epithelial cells, transitional epithelial cells, granular casts, or waxy casts

A

Acute tubular necrosis (ATN)

25
Q

Based on the described urinary pattern, what kidney disease is suggested?

WBC, WBC cast, or urine eosinophils

A

Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) or pyelonephritis

26
Q

Based on the described urinary pattern, what kidney disease is suggested?

Dysmorphic RBCs, RBC casts

A

Vasculitis or glomerulonephritis

27
Q

Based on the described urinary pattern, what kidney disease is suggested?

Proteinuria (<3.5 g/day), hematuria, dysmorphic RBC and RBC casts

A

Nephritic syndrome

28
Q

Based on the described urinary pattern, what kidney disease is suggested?

Heavy Proteinuria (> 3.5g/day), lipiduria, minimal hematuria

A

Nephrotic syndrome

29
Q

Based on the described urinary pattern, what kidney disease is suggested?

Hyaline cast

A

Non-specific, prerenal azotemia

30
Q

Based on the described urinary pattern, what kidney disease is suggested?

WBCs, RBCs, bacteria

A

Urinary tract infection

31
Q

Define the following based on urine output

Anuria
Oliguria
Polyuria

A

Anuria < 50 to 100 ml/day

Oliguria < 400 to 500 ml/day

Polyuria > 3,000 ml/day

PCM 2020 Final (9 decks)

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