PEDS QUIZ #1 Flashcards
1
Q
Piaget’s Theory
A
- Sensorymotor 0-2 yrs- cordination of senses with motor response, sensory curiosity about world. language used for demand and cataloguing. object permanence developed.
- preoperational 2-7 yrs- symbolic thinking, use of proper syntax and grammar to express full concepts. imagination and intuition are strong, but complex abstract thought still difficult. conservation developed.
- Concrete operational 7-11 yrs- concepts attached to concrete situations. Time, space and quantity understood and can be applied, but not as indipendant concepts.
- Formal Operations 11+ - Theoretical, hypothetical, and counterfactual thinking. abstract logic and reasoning. Stragety and planningbecome possible. Concepts learned in one context can be applied to another.
2
Q
Sigmund Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
A
- Oral Stage 0-1 yrs- Children derive pleasure from oral activities, including sucking and tasting. They like to put things in their mouths.
- Anal Stage 2-3 yrs- Children begin potty training.
- Phallic Stage 3-6 yrs- Boys are more attached to their mother, ahile girls are more attached to their father.
- Latency Stage 6 yrs - puberty- Children spend more time and interact mostly with same sex peers.
- Genital Stage beyond puberty- Individuals are attracted to opposite sex peers.
3
Q
Maslow’s Needs
A
- Physiological Needs- Food, water, warmth, and rest.
- Safety Needs- Security and safety.
- Belogingness and love needs- intimate relationships, friends.
- Esteem Needs- Prestige and feeling of acomplishment.
- Self Actualization- achieving one’s full potential, including creative activities.
4
Q
Erickson’s Theory of Development
A
- infant-18 mos- Trust vs. mistrust
- 18m-3 yrs- Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
- 3-5 yrs Initiative vs. Guilt
- 5-13 yrs Industry vs. inferiority
- 13-21 yrs identity vs. role confusion
- 21-39 yrs intimacy vs. isolation
- 40-65 yrs generativity vs. stagnation
- 65 and older- ego integrity vs. despair
5
Q
At what month does the posterior and anterior fontanelle close?
A
posterior- 2 months
Anterior- 9-18 mos
6
Q
Baby weight doubles and triples by what age?
A
doubles at 6 mos
triples at 12 mos
7
Q
Leading cause of death in toddlers?
A
Accident, unintentional injuries
8
Q
Vitals for 4 yr old
A
- RR 20-30
- HR 80-120
9
Q
Toddler with sleeping problems
A
encourage night light, favorite stuffed animal, or blanket.
10
Q
sleeping position for baby
A
Supine
11
Q
When do we offer pacifier to baby?
A
When sleeping only if they can latch well
12
Q
Shoul baby sleep next to anybody?
A
NO
13
Q
Preschool Age BP
A
85-90/60’s
14
Q
Age 3 parallel vs associative play?
A
Parallel is independent -side by side
Associative- some ocassional association
15
Q
Imaginary friend nursing action?
A
- Invistigate, ask ?, mental health?
- normal for preschool age
- dont ask how well they play
16
Q
infant to toddlers
A
put everything in their mouth
17
Q
Toddler toys
A
pull, push and squeeze
18
Q
10 month old development
A
doesnt reconize object by name
cant turn pages of book
should be able to sit on own
19
Q
Car seat safety
A
- secure carseat with seatbelt not just anchors
- keep rear facing until age 2 or length
20
Q
15 Month Safety shit
A
- No popcorn/marshmallows
- no diaper powder
- dont store corosive sin glass
- dont put plants on ground
- dont place furniture by windows
- dont place infant in front seat, if needed rear facing and turn off airbag
21
Q
Most appropriate toy for a 4 yr old is?
A
Modeling clay
22
Q
Head Lag
A
Infant should be able to lift head to chin briefly, head lag normal when lifted from supine, after 6 months significant head lag not normal.
23
Q
12 months emerging pattern of behavior
A
- Motor: walks with one hand held, rises independantly: takes several steps.
- Adaptive: picks up pellet with pincer action of thumb and forefinger, releases object to another person upon request.
- language: says “mama” , “dada” and a few similar words.
- Social: plays simple ball game; makes postural adjustments to dressing.
24
Q
15 month development
A
- Motor: walks alone, crawls up stairs
- Adaptive: makes tower of 3 cubes, makes a line with crayons, inserts pellet in bottle.
- Language: Jargon: follows simple commandsa, may name a familiar object (ball).
- Social: Indicates some desires or needs by pointing: hugs caregivers.
25
Q
18 mos development
A
- Motor: Runs stiffly, sits on small chair, walks up stairs with one hand held, explors drawers and wastebaskets.
- Adaptive: makes tower of four cubes, imitates vertical stroke, imitates scribbling, dumps pellets from bottle.
- Language: 10 words (average) names pictures, identifies 1 or more body parts.
- Social: Feeds self, seeks help when in trouble, may complain when wet or soiled, kisses caregivers with pucker.
26
Q
2 yrs development
A
- Motor: runs well, walks up and down stairs: one step at a time, climbs on furniture, jumps.
- Adaptive: tower of seven cubes ( 6 at 21mos), circular scribbling, imitates horix=zontal strokes, folds paper once imitatively.
- Language: puts 3 words together, (subject, verb, object),
- Social: handles spoon well, often tell immediate experiences, helps to undress, listents to stories with pictures, plays in parallel with other children.
27
Q
2 1/2 yrs development
A
- Motor: goes up stairs alternating feet
- Adaptive: tower of nine cubes, makes vertical and horizontal strokes, but generally will not join them to make a cross. imitates circular stroke, forming a closed figure.
- Language: refers to self by pronoun ‘I” knows full name
- Social: helps put things away, pretends in play
28
Q
3 yrs development
A
- Motor: Rides tricycle: stands momentaarily on one foot
- Adaptive: tower of 10 cubes: imitates construction of bridge of 3 cubes, copies a circle, imitates a cross.
- Language: knows age and sex: counts 3 objects correctly, repeats 3 numbers or a sentence of 6 syllables.
- Social: plays simple games, ( cooperative play is highly imaginative) helps in dressing (unbottons, and puts shoues on) washes hands.
29
Q
4 yrs development
A
- Motor; hops on 1 foot, throws ball overhead, uses scissors to cut out pictures, climbs well
- Adaptive: Copies bridge from model, imitates construction of “gate” of five cubes, copies cross and square, draws a man with 2 or 4 parts besides head, identifies longer of two lines.
- Language: counts 4 pennies accurately, tells a story.
- Social: plays with several children with the beginning of social interaction and role playing. goes to toilet alone.
30
Q
5 yrs development
A
- Motor: skips
- Adaptive: draws triangle from copy, identifies heavier of 2 items.
- Language: names 4 colors, repeats sentence of 10 syllables, counts 10 pennies correctly.
- Social: dresses and undresses, asks questions about meaning of words, domestic role playing.
*
31
Q
Age terminology
A
- Fetus- 9th wk to birth
- Neonate- birth to 4 wks
- Infant- 4 wk to 12 months
- Toddler- 1 to 3 yrs
- Preschool- 3 to 6 yrs
- School age 6 to 12 yrs
- Adolescent 12 to 18 yrs
32
Q
Newborn averages
A
- Ht 20 in 50 cm
- > 2.5 cm 1 in every 1 month the 1st 6 mos
- Wt 2.72 kg to 4.09 kg 6-9 lbs
