Peds Fluid And Electrolyte Flashcards
Are infant kidneys mature
No. They are not effective at excreting waste.
A children more prone to fluid and electrolyte imbalance
Yes
What cause a increase in water loss
Conditions that increase basal metobolic rate(infection/fever)
Infant body surface area
Have greater BSA which cause more insensible fluid loss
Is infant BMR higher than adult
Yes. Causes greater waste and insensible fluid loss.
Icf
Increased k+ and Mg
Reduced Na
ECF
Where fluid loss occurs. This is where IV and po meds impact.
How to assess hydration
Skin color
Anterior fontanel
Urine output of 1-2 mL/kg/hr
BUN
Isotonic dehydration
Loss of sodium and water
Cold
Dry
Hypotonic dehydration
More sodium loss than water
Cold
Clammy
Hypertonic dehydration
More water loss than sodium
Cold/hot
Thickened/doughy skin
All dehydrations
Absent tears
Sunked fontanel
Rapid pulse
Lethargic
Signs if good circulating blood volume
Warm skin
Urine output of 1-2 mL
Pink nailbeds
Strong peripheral pulses
Daily fluid maintenance
Weight in kg * 100 mL
Causes of reduced fluid requirement
CHF
Renal failure
How fast should serum sodium be decreased
No more than 1meq per hour
No more than 10 meq per day
Can cause seizures
GI disorders
Pyloric stenosis-causes vomiting
Hirschsprung’s-palpable fecal mass. Enema.
Intussusception-emergency. Bowel issue. Enema.
Celiac disease-gluten issue
Diarrhea
NPO for most and provide hydration.
