Peds Exam 1 Lecture 3: Growth, Development, & Health Promotion Flashcards
How do you measure a 1 y/o child’s length/stature?
In the recumbent position using a foxed headboard with a movable footboard. Measure from the vertex of the skull to the soles of the feet.
Can you use a device on a balance beam scale to measure the stature of children over 2 y/o?
NO - this does not allow for proper posture
What is the best way to weigh an infant?
Naked
can leave on CLEAN diaper for older infants only
What is the best anthropometric indicator of adiposity in children and adolescents?
BMI
Is BMI at the 86th percentile considered normal, overweight, or obese?
Overweight
BMI >85-95 = overweight, BMI >95 = obese
How do you measure an infants head circumference?
Using a narrow, non-stretchable tape measure - start just above the supraorbital ridges & go around the head at the same level as the prominence of occiput.
For a growth chart, shifts across how many percentile lines may indicate abnormality?
2+
How do you calculate a child’s genetic potential/mid-parental height?
- Correct mother’s height by adding 5 in for boys
- Correct father’s height by subtracting 5 in for girls
- Average corrected heights of parents
- Target height = +/- 2 in
When looking at a weight for height growth chart for a patient who’s short & underweight for age, how do you determine b/w familial short stature and failure to thrive/constitutional delay?
- Family short stature: height & weight will be proportional to each other
- Failure to thrive: will have a pronounced drop in weight initially, followed by a less pronounced drop in height (may have decrease in head circumference if severe)
In a predominantly breastfed infant, which growth chart is the best predictor for their growth? (CDC or WHO)
WHO - pt may appear as if underweight on the CDC growth curve.
True or False: Healthy breastfed infants typically put on more weight than formula-fed infants in the first year.
False
Growth “Rule of Thumb”
- Term infants are back to birth weight by 2 wks of age, then gain 20-30 g/day for 1st 3 months
- Term infants triple birth weight by 1 y/o
- Term infants gain 2 kg/yr ages 1-10
- Height doubles by 3-4 y/o
- Normal head circumference for full-term infant = 35 cm
Major difference in presentation of plagiocephaly vs craniosynostosis
In plagiocephaly, the infant’s ear is displaced anteriorly. In craniosynostotis, the ear is displaced posteriorly.
What are the four major differences b/w macrocephaly and hydrocephalus?
Macrocephaly is the enlargement of the head. On the growth curve it is >97th percentile but parallels growth curve. There are no split sutures <12 mo old. There is NO increased ICP.
Hydrocephalus is the dilation of the ventricular system. On the growth curve, it crosses percentiles. There is both split sutures <12 mo old & increased ICP.
Management of plagiocephaly
Tummy time, reposition in crib, PT, and helmet therapy
What does helmet therapy do in plagiocephaly?
Applies custom corrective pressure to redirect the baby’s natural head growth and normal shape.
At what ages (months) do babies need developmental screenings?
9 mo, 18 mo, & 30 mo
At what month should an infant be able to sit without support?
7 months
At what month will an infant begin creeping (crawling on hands and knees) and pulls to stand?
9 months
At what month do infants typically begin standing well and taking independent steps?
12 months
At what month can a child use a spoon well?
22 months
When is a child typically able to pull his/her pants off?
24 months
At what month does a baby listen and then vocalize when an adult stops talking?
6 months
Around what month does a baby typically say his/her first word?
11 months
