Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clin Med/Spec > Ped Exam 1 Lecture 5: Immunizations > Flashcards

Ped Exam 1 Lecture 5: Immunizations Flashcards

1
Q

Who should get the catch up schedule for vaccines?

A
  • kids born outside the US

- kids w/illnesses that prevented them from getting vaccinated at normal time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the aim of childhood vaccinations from a public health perspective?

A

Prevention of acute and chronic diseases (liver and cervical cancer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What disease is caused by toxin-mediated release and transmitted person to person usually by respiratory droplets

A

Diphtheria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the Sxs that diphtheria causes in the respiratory tract

A
  1. Membranous nasopharyngitis
  2. Obstructive laryngotracheitis

(thick grey pseudomembrane –> diffic swallow/breathing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 Complications of Diphtheria

A

“MAVis has diphtheria”

Myocarditis
Ascending paralysis
Vocal cord paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Formulation of the Diphtheria vaccine if <7 y/o? older than 7?

A

< 7 –> DTaP or DT (“Dominic is 6”)
> 7 –> Tdap or Td (“Tommy is 8”)

note: capital D = higher diphtheria dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are 2 ways to prevent tetanus with the tetanus toxoid?

A
  1. Vaccine (given in combo w/diphtheria)

2. Tetanus Immune globulin (TIG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Components of the DTap vaccine?

A
  1. Diphtheria toxoid
  2. Tetanus toxoid
  3. Bordella Pertussis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the minimum number of doses for the DTap vaccine? Why do you need more than 1 dose for this vaccine?

A

3 doses

Boosters are needed because the vaccine has shorter immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why do you need more than 1 dose for both Tdap and DTap vaccine?

A

Boosters are needed because the vaccine has shorter immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the only CI to the Tdap vaccine?

A

Anaphylaxis after receiving any Tdap component

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What age group should be given the Tdap vaccine as catch up?

A

adolescents (13-18 y/o)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the purpose of giving pregnant mothers the Tdap vaccine? How often/when should it be given?

A

Tdap ↓ risk of infant pertussis exposure and severe disease

GIVE DURING EACH PREGNANCY (ideal = 27-32 wks gestation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the CIs (relative) to the pertussis vaccine?

A
  1. Anaphylatic rxn

2. Encephalopathy w/in 7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When is acceptable to defer immunization of the pertussis vaccine? What is given if the deferral occurs at the age of 1?

A

Evolving neuro d/o

Give DT if defer at age 1 (no pertussis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of virus is the Polio virus?

When must the last dose be given?

A

Killed/inactivated virus

Last dose must be given at age 4+ & at least 6 mo after last dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why is the oral/live attenuated polio virus no longer used?

A

Some conversion/mutation of the live attenuated version that leads to paralysis

(killed version doesn’t have this risk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What vaccine has eradicated the dz associated with it?

A

Haemophilus Influenza B (HiB) Vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 2 types of the HiB Vaccine?

A
  1. PRP-T

2. PRP-OMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What combination is no longer available for the HiB vaccine?

A

HiB-MenCY

- HiB w/Meningococcal groups C & Y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Makeup of the HiB vaccine?

Problem associated w/this type of vaccine?

A

Polysaccharide Vaccine

- young kids have harder time responding to the vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the benefit of a conjugate vaccine, such as the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13/Prevnar 13)?

A

Can be admin to younger kids who are able to mount a response (more immunogenic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What populations are at increased risk of invasive pneumococcal dz and should therefore be given an additional dose of PCV13?

A
  1. Anatomic of Functional Asplenia (SCD)
  2. HIV or immunocompromised
  3. Cochlear implant or CSF leak
  4. Chronic Renal Falure or nephrotic syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is the Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (Pneumovax) different from the Conjugate version?

A

Pneumovax

  • less immunogenic than Prevnar13
  • includes 11 more serotypes than Prevnar13
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
When are you more risk for getting S/Es with Pneumovax? Solution?
When given w/in 8 weeks of the Prevnar vaccine wait more than 8 wks... be patient you fool
26
What are the indications for Pneumovax? When should you revaccinate?
High risk children, over age 2 revaccinate high risk kids ONCE after 5 yrs
27
What is not included in the Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine (Menactra, Menveo)? Note: usually first dose not given til older but special populations dosed in infancy
Serogroup B not included
28
Who can the Meningococcal B vaccine be given to?
adolescents who arent high risk
29
When can the Meningococcal B vaccine be given at age 10?
special high risk populations and during outbreaks
30
Major RF for Hep B?
UNKNOWN --> why vaccine needed
31
Content of Hep B vaccine? Duration of immunity?
HBsAg Vaccine has long immunity ( > 30 yrs)
32
What is the content of the combination Hep B vaccine in children vs adults?
Children: DTaP + HepB + IPV Adults: Hep A + Hep B
33
If a mother is HBsAg (-) how many doses of the Hep Vaccine should be given to the child? How does the time of admin for the 1st dose differ when the baby is preterm (< 2 kg)
3 doses 1st dose in full term baby = at birth (w/in 24 hrs) 1st dose in preterm baby = 1 month of age or hospital D/C (whichever is first)
34
If a mother is HBsAg (+) what should be given to the child for protection vs Hep B & how soon?
Baby should get Hep B immunoglobulin w/in first 12 hours of birth
35
Other indications for Hep A vaccine, other than routine childhood immunization at age 1?
1. Tavelers to endemic areas 2. close contact w/internat'l adoptees 3. Hep A outbreak 4. Chronic Liver Dz
36
What type of cancer is most a/w HPV?
Cervical Cancer
37
What do low risk HPV types cause? | high risk?
low risk HPV --> warts | high risk HPV --> cancer
38
Why is it ideal to give the HPV vaccine prior to exposure?
Prevents infection, warts, and cancer
39
What the makeup of the Gardasil vaccine (9vHPV)?
Virus-like particles NOT LIVE VACCINE
40
What is the maximum age the catch-up vaccination w/Gardasil can be given for females vs males?
Females --> 26 | Males --> 21
41
What is the earliest age the HPV vaccine can be given?
9 years old
42
What vaccines are included in MMRV?
Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Varicella
43
Which one of the MMRV components is not a true live virus?
Varicella Vaccine - live attenuated virus
44
What are 3 CIs to the Measles Vaccine (applies to all live vaccines) What is NOT a CI?
1. Pregnancy 2. Immunocompromised 3. Recent Immunoglobulin Egg allergy is NOT a CI
45
When should you still administer the Measles (or other live vaccines) to immunocompromised patients?
Admin if HIV+ and CD4 > 15%
46
When can the TST (TB Skin Test/PPD) be performed for the Measles Vaccine?
Day of vaccination or 1 month later | BUT NOT B/TWEEN THIS TIME PERIOD
47
During an outbreak of Measles what is the youngest age a child can be to receive the vaccine? Why does this not count as the first dose for the vaccine at this age?
6 months old Doesnt count at 1st dose of Measles b/c 1st dose must be given after 12 months
48
When is Mumps MC?
Winter and Spring
49
Mumps clinical presentation? 4 main complications of Mumps?
Mumps presents w/Parotitis Complications 1. Meningoencephalitis 2. Sensorineural hearing loss 3. Ochitis 4. Pancreatitis "PeoPle Often get Mumps in Spring"
50
How to Dx and Tx Mumps?
Dx: viral isolation by PCR (by Saliva, buccal swab, CSF, or serology) Tx = supportive
51
Although the Mumps is a live vaccine what is unique about it?
It doesnt often cause reactivity
52
Since Rubella is a fairly benign dz why is a vaccine given?
Rubella vaccine given to prevent intrauterine infection (during pregnancy)
53
Unique AEs a/w Rubella vaccine?
LAD, transient arthralgias
54
What is unique about when the Varicella vaccine can be given?
Varicella vaccine can be given post-exposure and is still very effective if given w/in 3 days
55
Unique AEs a/w Varicella vaccine?
``` Papulovesicular rash ("chicken pox like") - localized at injection site, NOT SYSTEMIC ```
56
What med must you avoid for 6 weeks after giving Varicella vaccine? why?
ASA --> a/w Rye Syndrome
57
What are the two types of orally administered live Rotavirus vaccines and their associated # of doses?
Pentavalent RV5 - 3 doses | Monovalent RV1 - 2 doses
58
AE for Rotavirus vaccine
Risk of intussusception
59
CIs for Rotavirus vaccine
1. SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency) | 2. Hx of intussusception
60
What is the maximum age that the Rotavirus can be given?
8 months | risk > benefit
61
What 4 vaccines is vaccination rate at or above target levels based on the Healthy People 2020 goals?
1. MMR 2. Hep B 3. IPV 4. Varicella
62
How do UNvaccinated children differ from UNDERvaccination?
UNvaccinated --> conscious refusal | UNDERvaccination --> related to SES and access
63
Obvious but possibly important points about vaccines (flip over for info)
1. MMR/vaccines DONT CAUSE AUTISM (duh) 2. No evidence to support that you may overwhelm the immune system w/multiple vaccines at once 3. Natural immunity (getting the dz) has greater risk than passive immunity
64
1st dose of this vaccine can be given at birth?
Hep B
65
1st dose of what 5 vaccines can be given 2 months old at the earliest?
1. RV 2. DTaP 3. HiB 4. PCV13 5. IPV
66
1st dose of what vaccine is given earliest at 6 months and yearly thereafter?
Influenza
67
1st dose of what 3 vaccines is given earliest at 1 year?
1. MMR 2. Varicella 3. Hep A

Clin Med/Spec (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions