Peds development

Question 1

Infant 0-1year
a) Piaget. stage?
b) Play style?

Answer 1

a) sensorimotor
-object permanence
-separation
-mental representaion
b) solitary play
-not interact with others

Question 2

Infant 0-1year
Erikson
a) What phase?
b) Need to focus?

Answer 2

a) trust vs mistrust
b) safety with caregiver

Question 3

Infant 0-1y nutrition
a) food to avoid?
b) Soild food starts?
c) what is introduced first?

Answer 3

a) supplemental water till 6M
honey and cow’s milk till 12M
limit juice
b) around 6M
c) iron-fortified cereal
Medications should never be mixed in
a large amount of food or formula

Question 4

Infant mortor skills

a) 4months
b) 6months
c) 8months
d) 12months

Answer 4

a) contrled heda(no more head lags)
b) turn both way
c) sits unsupported
d) walks while holding something

Question 5

infant fine skills
a) 6 months
b) 7months
c) 8months
d) 12months

Answer 5

a) hold bottles
b) move object from hand to hand
c) start using a pincer graps
d) tries to build a 2 cubes tower

Question 6

infant
a) play style
b) consedirations

Answer 6

a) solitary play
-not interact with others
-short attention span
-Musical rattle
b) stranger fear
separation anxiety
choking hazard
Never leave them in bathtub or changing station

Question 7

toddler 1-3 years
Erikson
a) stage?
b) need to focus?

Answer 7

a) Autonomy vs shame+ doubt
b) independ from parents

Question 8

toddler 1-3 years
Piaget
a) stage?
b) play style?

Answer 8

a) sensorimotor to preoperational
b) parallel play
-observe others and then might engage in activities nearby

Question 9

toddler 1-3 years
3 development feature?

Answer 9

Negativisum
always say “NO”
Ritualization
doing thins repeatedly
Egocentric
Me! me! can’t think fro another’s point of view

Question 10

Toddler
Nutrition

Answer 10

physiologic anorexia
fussy eater/too busy to eat
develop taste preferences,picky eater

Question 11

Injury prevention

Answer 11

remain in a rear-facing car seat
safest area is backseat
DO NOT leave them in bathtub,pool alone

Question 12

How can the nurse best facilitate the trust relationship between infant and parents
while the infant is hospitalized? The nurse should:
1. Encourage the parents to remain at their child’s bedside as much as possible.
2. Keep parents informed about all aspects of their child’s condition.
3. Encourage the parents to hold their child as much as possible.
4. Advise the parents to participate actively in their child’s care.

Answer 12

3
Having parents hold their child while in the hospital is an excellent means of
building a trusting relationship. Infants are most secure when they are being
held, patted, and spoken.
Trust vs mistrust and separation anxiety

Question 13

The mother of a child 2 years 6 months has arranged a play date with the neighbor
and her child 2 years 9 months. During the play date the two mothers should expect
that the children will do which of the following?
1. Share and trade their toys while playing.
2. Play with one another with little or no conflict.
3. Play alongside one another but not actively with one another.
4. Only play with one or two items, ignoring most of the other toys.

Answer 13

3
Toddlers engage in parallel play. They
often play alongside another child, but
they rarely engage in activities with the
other child.

Question 14

Which should the nurse do to prevent separation anxiety in a hospitalized toddler?
1. Assume the parental role when parents are not able to be at the bedside.
2. Encourage the parents to always remain at the bedside.
3. Establish a routine similar to that of the child’s home.
4. Rotate nursing staff so the child becomes comfortable with a variety of nurses.

Answer 14

3
It is very important to try to maintain
a child’s home routine both when parents are present and when they have to
leave the hospital. This will increase
the child’s sense of security and
decrease anxiety

Question 15

According to developmental theories, which important event is essential to the development of the toddler?
1. The child learns to feed self.
2. The child develops friendships.
3. The child learns to walk.
4. The child participates in being potty-trained.

Answer 15

4
Developmental theorists like Erickson
and Freud believe that toilet training
is the essential event that must be
mastered by the toddler.

Question 16

Which comment should the parent of a 2-year-old expect from the toddler about a
new baby brother?
1. “When the baby takes a nap, will you play with me?”
2. “Can I play with the baby?”
3. “The baby is so cute. I love him.”
4. “It is time to put him away so we can play.”

Answer 16

4
Toddlers are very egocentric and do not consider
the needs of the other child.
Me! me!

Question 17

pre-schooler(3-6years)
Piaget
a) stage?
b) play style?

Answer 17

preoperational phase
move from egocentric to social awareness
associative play
not highly organized, but corporation does exist

Question 18

pre-schooler(3-6years)
Erikson
a) stage
b) need focus

Answer 18

a) initiative vs guilt
b) Energetic learners, practice their problem-solving skills
But if the conflict is unresolved or a child receives negative feedback for their intervention, they may experience guilt around not being able to manage the situation.

Question 19

Which nursing action would help foster a hospitalized 3-year-old’s sense of
autonomy?
1. Let the child choose what time to take the oral antibiotics.
2. Allow the child to have a doll for medical play.
3. Allow the child to administer her own dose of Keflex (cephalexin) via oral syringe.
4. Let the child watch age-appropriate videos.

Answer 19

3
Allowing to participate in actions of which they are capable is
an excellent way to enhance their autonomy.

Question 20

pre-schooler(3-6years)
thinking features?

Answer 20

Magical thinking
Animism
Centration
time(keep routine!!)

Question 21

pre-schooler(3-6years)
nutrition

Answer 21

staturated fat <10%

Question 22

pre-schooler(3-6years)
injury prevention

Answer 22

booster seat
safest area is still back seat
stranger safety
sunscreen

Question 23

The best method to explain a procedure to a hospitalized preschool-age child is to:
1. Show the child a pamphlet with pictures showing the procedure.
2. Have the 5-year-old next door tell the 4-year-old about the experience.
3. Demonstrate the procedure on a doll.
4. Show the child a video of the procedure

Answer 23

3
A 4-year-old child understands in very
concrete and simple terms. Therefore,
medical play is an excellent method for
helping to understand the procedure

Question 24

A 3-year-old is hospitalized for an ASD repair. The parents have decided to go home
for a few hours to spend time with her siblings. The child asks when her mommy
and daddy will be back. The nurse’s best response is:
1. “Your mommy and daddy will be back after your nap.”
2. “Your mommy and daddy will be back at 6:00 p.m.”
3. “Your mommy and daddy will be back later this evening.”
4. “Your mommy and daddy will be back in 3 hours.”

Answer 24

1

Preschoolers understand time in relation to events.

Question 25

A 3-year-old boy has been hospitalized because he fell down the stairs. His mother is
crying and states, “This is all my fault.” Which is the nurse’s best response?
1. “Accidents happen. You shouldn’t blame yourself.”
2. “Falls are one of the most common injuries in this age group.”
3. “It may be a good idea to put a baby gate on the stairs.”
4. “Your son should be proficient at walking down the stairs by now.”

Answer 25

2
Falls are one of the most common injuries, and it may make the parent feel better to know that this is
common

Question 26

School age (6-12years)
Erikson
a) stage?
b) need focus?

Answer 26

Industry vs inferiority
good with neighbors, classmates,friends
learn new social skills
Failure in social and accademic=feeling inferior

Question 27

School age (6-12years)
Piaget
a) stage?
b) play style?

Answer 27

a) concrete operational
b) competitive and cooperative
-6-9 years join organized sports
-9-12years Competitive sports

Question 28

School age (6-12years)
nutrition

Answer 28

should eat adult portions
increased obesity
avoid food as a reward

Question 29

School age (6-12years)
injury prevention

Answer 29

appropriate seat belt use
safe to ride bike, skateboard

Question 30

School age (6-12years)
Moral develpment

Answer 30

learning about right and wrong
understanding the golden rule

Question 31

Which is the best method of distraction for an 8-year-old who is having surgery later
today and is NPO?
1. Use the telephone to call friends.
2. Watch television.
3. Play a board game.
4. Read the central line pamphlet he was given.

Answer 31

A board game is the optimal choice because school-age children enjoy being
engaged in an activity with others that
will require some skill and challenge.

Question 32

What information should a school nurse include in a discussion on nutrition with a fourth-grade class?
1. The number of calories that a fourth-grade child should consume in a day.
2. A list of high-calorie foods that all fourth-graders should avoid.
3. How to read food labels so children know which foods are good for them.
4. A list of nutritious foods with basic scientific information about how they affect
the body organs and systems.

Answer 32

4
Reviewing nutritious choices keeps
the lesson on a positive note, and
school-age children are very interested
in how food affects their bodies. They
are capable of understanding basic
medical terminology.*

Question 33

Which technique should the nurse suggest to the mother of an 8-year-old who does
not want to complete her chores?
1. Grounding.
2. Time-out.
3. Reward system.
4. Spanking.

Answer 33

3
School-age children usually respond
very well to a reward system and often
enjoy the rewards so much that they
will continue chores without continual
reminders

Question 34

Adolescents 12-18
Erikson
a) stage?
b) need to focus?

Answer 34

a) identity vs role confusion
b) socializing+ fir into peer
peer acceotance is very important

Question 35

Adolescents 12-18
a) stage

Answer 35

Formal operation
problem-solving
independent decision making

Question 36

injury prevention

Answer 36

a) drive safety teaching
pricing, tattoo teaching
Tobacco,alcohol and drug teaching
sexual maturation teaching
sexual activity teaching

Question 37

A 16-year-old male is hospitalized for cystic fibrosis. He will be an inpatient for
2 weeks while he receives IV antibiotics. Which action taken by the nurse will most enhance his psychosocial development?
1. Fax the teen’s teacher, and have her send in his homework.
2. Encourage the teen’s friends to visit him in the hospital.
3. Encourage the teen’s grandparents to visit frequently.
4. Tell the teen he is free to use his phone to call or text friends.

Answer 37

2
Teens are most concerned about being like their peers. Having the teen’s friends visit will help him feel
he is still part of the school and social
environment

Question 38

To obtain an adolescent’s health information, the nurse should:
1. Interview the adolescent using direct questions.
2. Gather information during a casual conversation.
3. Interview the adolescent only in the presence of the parents.
4. Gather information only from the parents.

Answer 38

2
Frequently adolescents will share more
information when it is gathered during
a casual conversation.
1. Teens may not speak as freely when asked
direct questions.

Question 39

A 16-year-old is having a discussion with the nurse about the teen’s recent diagnosis of lupus. In explaining the child’s prognosis, the nurse uses the knowledge that adolescents are:
1. Preoccupied with thoughts of the here and now.
2. Able to understand and imagine possibilities for the future.
3. Capable of thinking only in concrete terms.
4. Overly concerned with past events and relationships.

Answer 39

2
Adolescents are becoming abstractthinkers and are able to imaginepossibilities for the future