Peds deck 1 Flashcards
term means they were born btwn ____________________
37-42 weeks gestational age
post-term means the baby was born
after 42 weeks
preterm babies are born before ________ weeks
37
preterm babies are classified by ____________
their weight
pre term baby < 2500 grams (~5 lbs) is classified as
low birth weight
pre term baby < 1500 grams is classified as
very low birth weight
a preterm baby < 1000 g is classifed as
extremely low birth weight
a preterm baby < 750 g is classified as
micropremie (often born < 22 weeks gestational age)
where is the level of vocal cords in an infant
C3-C4
term means they were born btwn ____________________
37-42 weeks gestational age
post-term means the baby was born
after 42 weeks
preterm babies are born before ________ weeks
37
preterm babies are classified by ____________
their weight
pre term baby < 2500 grams (~5 lbs) is classified as
low birth weight
pre term baby < 1500 grams is classified as
very low birth weight
a preterm baby < 1000 g is classifed as
extremely low birth weight
a preterm baby < 750 g is classified as
micropremie (often born < 22 weeks gestational age)
where is the level of vocal cords in an infant
C3-C4
what is the level of the vocal cords of a child around 5-6 years of age
C5-C6
what is the level of the vocal cords in adoslences
c6
what are the airway differences in the child (compared to adult)
- smaller oral cavity 2. larger tongue 3. level of the vocal cord is higher
describe the changes that occur for the “first breath transition” in neonates
- transpulmonary pressure increases and pushes tracheal fluid out 2. transient tachypnea of the newborn for 24-72 hours 3. pulmonary blood flow increases 4. PVR decreases, SVR increases 5. systemic afterload closes the foramen ovale and ductus arterosus blood flow reverses (due to increased pressure on L side of heart)
T/F: an infants response to hypercapnea is not potentiated by hypoxia
TRUE
what regulates ventilatory control in the neonate
- PaO2 2. PaCO2 3. pH
the limitation of ___________ fibers, predisposes the neonate to rapid respiratory distress
type 1
in utero the HR is predominantly mediated through ______________ control; after birth the HR is predominantly mediated through _____________ control
parasympathetic; sympathetic
blood pressure in the neonate steadily _________________ for the first month after birth
increases
at birth the neonate ECG has a ____________ sided QRS axis
right (reflecting predominant right ventricular intrauterine development)
after birth, within the first month, the QRS of the neonate shifts ______________
left
all normal neonate should void within __________ hours of birth; however 90% void within the first ___________ hours of birth
48; 24
renal considerations in the neonate
- they are obligate salt losers –> inability to concentrate urine effectively 2. risk of hyperkalemia due to immaturity of DCT and relative hypoaldosteronism
when are clotting factors formed in the neonate?
after birth - in full term they are less than normal the first few days
___________% of term babies have physiologic jaundice; and ___________% of preterm babies have physiologic jaundice
60; 80
what are the causes of the hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice) in neonates?
- Ab induced hemolysis 2. hereditary blood cell disorders 3. hemorrhage into the body 4. biliary atresia 5. metabolic (hypothyroidism)
what is a normal hgb in a neonate 9-12 weeks of age
10-11 g/dL
what is the hgb in a preterm neonate
7-9 g/dL
what is the cause of the physiologic anemia seen in neonates
- decrease in erythropoiesis 2. shortened lifespan of RBC
hematopoietic differences in the neonate
- physiologic anemia 2. decreased vitamin K (20-60% of that of adult)
T/F: cerebral palsy incidence has decreased
FALSE
what are teh most common etiologies of cerebral palsy
- perinatal ischemic stroke 2. white matter d/o 3. intrauterine inflammation
neuronal cell multiplication occurs btwn ___________ weeks of gestation
15-20
neurologic system is anatomically complete by birth, but it remains immature with continuation of __________ & ____________ from 25 weeks - 2 years of age
myelination; synaptogenesis
why is it encouraged for babies to receive whole milk until 3 years of age
because myelination and synaptogenesis is still occurring; they need the fat from whole milk for this myelination
myelination is usually complete by age ____________
7
_____________ during the first years of life may have profound neurological handicapping effects
malnutrition
___________ in the infant is a complex process under central and peripheral cord. the reflex is intiated in medulla through cranial nerves
swallowing
T/F: if baby spits up alot (called happy spitter) and they present for surgery, they need an ETT
FALSE
what does meconium consist of
intestinal tract cells and GI secretions
meconium ileus occurs if the bby does not pass meconium stool within first __________ hours of birth
48
if baby has meconium ileus they are going to be worked up for what 2 conditions
- cystic fibrosis 2. Hirschsprungs
