Peds deck 1

Question 1

term means they were born btwn ____________________

Answer 1

37-42 weeks gestational age

Question 2

post-term means the baby was born

Answer 2

after 42 weeks

Question 3

preterm babies are born before ________ weeks

Answer 3

37

Question 4

preterm babies are classified by ____________

Answer 4

their weight

Question 5

pre term baby < 2500 grams (~5 lbs) is classified as

Answer 5

low birth weight

Question 6

pre term baby < 1500 grams is classified as

Answer 6

very low birth weight

Question 7

a preterm baby < 1000 g is classifed as

Answer 7

extremely low birth weight

Question 8

a preterm baby < 750 g is classified as

Answer 8

micropremie (often born < 22 weeks gestational age)

Question 9

where is the level of vocal cords in an infant

Answer 9

C3-C4

Question 10

term means they were born btwn ____________________

Answer 10

37-42 weeks gestational age

Question 11

post-term means the baby was born

Answer 11

after 42 weeks

Question 12

preterm babies are born before ________ weeks

Answer 12

37

Question 13

preterm babies are classified by ____________

Answer 13

their weight

Question 14

pre term baby < 2500 grams (~5 lbs) is classified as

Answer 14

low birth weight

Question 15

pre term baby < 1500 grams is classified as

Answer 15

very low birth weight

Question 16

a preterm baby < 1000 g is classifed as

Answer 16

extremely low birth weight

Question 17

a preterm baby < 750 g is classified as

Answer 17

micropremie (often born < 22 weeks gestational age)

Question 18

where is the level of vocal cords in an infant

Answer 18

C3-C4

Question 19

what is the level of the vocal cords of a child around 5-6 years of age

Answer 19

C5-C6

Question 20

what is the level of the vocal cords in adoslences

Answer 20

c6

Question 21

what are the airway differences in the child (compared to adult)

Answer 21

1. smaller oral cavity 2. larger tongue 3. level of the vocal cord is higher

Question 22

describe the changes that occur for the “first breath transition” in neonates

Answer 22

1. transpulmonary pressure increases and pushes tracheal fluid out 2. transient tachypnea of the newborn for 24-72 hours 3. pulmonary blood flow increases 4. PVR decreases, SVR increases 5. systemic afterload closes the foramen ovale and ductus arterosus blood flow reverses (due to increased pressure on L side of heart)

Question 23

T/F: an infants response to hypercapnea is not potentiated by hypoxia

Answer 23

TRUE

Question 24

what regulates ventilatory control in the neonate

Answer 24

1. PaO2 2. PaCO2 3. pH

Question 25

the limitation of ___________ fibers, predisposes the neonate to rapid respiratory distress

Answer 25

type 1

Question 26

in utero the HR is predominantly mediated through ______________ control; after birth the HR is predominantly mediated through _____________ control

Answer 26

parasympathetic; sympathetic

Question 27

blood pressure in the neonate steadily _________________ for the first month after birth

Answer 27

increases

Question 28

at birth the neonate ECG has a ____________ sided QRS axis

Answer 28

right (reflecting predominant right ventricular intrauterine development)

Question 29

after birth, within the first month, the QRS of the neonate shifts ______________

Answer 29

left

Question 30

all normal neonate should void within __________ hours of birth; however 90% void within the first ___________ hours of birth

Answer 30

48; 24

Question 31

renal considerations in the neonate

Answer 31

1. they are obligate salt losers –> inability to concentrate urine effectively 2. risk of hyperkalemia due to immaturity of DCT and relative hypoaldosteronism

Question 32

when are clotting factors formed in the neonate?

Answer 32

after birth - in full term they are less than normal the first few days

Question 33

___________% of term babies have physiologic jaundice; and ___________% of preterm babies have physiologic jaundice

Answer 33

60; 80

Question 34

what are the causes of the hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice) in neonates?

Answer 34

1. Ab induced hemolysis 2. hereditary blood cell disorders 3. hemorrhage into the body 4. biliary atresia 5. metabolic (hypothyroidism)

Question 35

what is a normal hgb in a neonate 9-12 weeks of age

Answer 35

10-11 g/dL

Question 36

what is the hgb in a preterm neonate

Answer 36

7-9 g/dL

Question 37

what is the cause of the physiologic anemia seen in neonates

Answer 37

1. decrease in erythropoiesis 2. shortened lifespan of RBC

Question 38

hematopoietic differences in the neonate

Answer 38

1. physiologic anemia 2. decreased vitamin K (20-60% of that of adult)

Question 39

T/F: cerebral palsy incidence has decreased

Answer 39

FALSE

Question 40

what are teh most common etiologies of cerebral palsy

Answer 40

1. perinatal ischemic stroke 2. white matter d/o 3. intrauterine inflammation

Question 41

neuronal cell multiplication occurs btwn ___________ weeks of gestation

Answer 41

15-20

Question 42

neurologic system is anatomically complete by birth, but it remains immature with continuation of __________ & ____________ from 25 weeks - 2 years of age

Answer 42

myelination; synaptogenesis

Question 43

why is it encouraged for babies to receive whole milk until 3 years of age

Answer 43

because myelination and synaptogenesis is still occurring; they need the fat from whole milk for this myelination

Question 44

myelination is usually complete by age ____________

Answer 44

7

Question 45

_____________ during the first years of life may have profound neurological handicapping effects

Answer 45

malnutrition

Question 46

___________ in the infant is a complex process under central and peripheral cord. the reflex is intiated in medulla through cranial nerves

Answer 46

swallowing

Question 47

T/F: if baby spits up alot (called happy spitter) and they present for surgery, they need an ETT

Answer 47

FALSE

Question 48

what does meconium consist of

Answer 48

intestinal tract cells and GI secretions

Question 49

meconium ileus occurs if the bby does not pass meconium stool within first __________ hours of birth

Answer 49

48

Question 50

if baby has meconium ileus they are going to be worked up for what 2 conditions

Answer 50

1. cystic fibrosis 2. Hirschsprungs