Peds Flashcards
features of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
infrequent partial seizures. tingling in mouth, face, drooling. unilateral upper extremity movement. rare generalized tonic clonic seizures.
most happen during sleep or when waking.
EEG will be centrotemporal spikes.
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
myoclonic jerks.
EEG is 3-6 Hz polyspikes and waves.
Triggered by am wakening, lack of sleep, fatigue, etoh, photic stimulation.
Requires lifelong treatment.
Treat with valproic acid–not in adolescent girls.
Febrile seizure age
bw 3m and 6y.
most common seizure in children.
when do LP in febrile seizure
signs or symptoms to suggest meningitis like meningeal signs, bulging fontanel or prolong postictal state.
LP should be considered in children bw 6-12 m of age if not vaccinated for Hib or strep pneumo
LP should be considered in pt taking antibiotics
Most common cause of infantile spasm
tuberous sclerosis
characteristic eeg abnormality in infantile spasm
hypsarrhythmia
Treatment goal in infantile spasm
normalize EEG
drug of choice in infantile spasm and in tuberous sclerosis
ACTH
vigabatrin in tuberous sclerosis. can cause visual field restriction
Characterizations of Lennox Gastaut Syndrome
different types of seizures
mental retardation
characteristic EEG is less than 2.5 spike and slow wave discharge
4 most common causes of neonatal seizure
hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, cns infection, intracranial bleed, brain malformation
drug of choice for neonatal seizure
phenobarbital
most common cause of flaccid paralysis in children
Guillain Barre syndrome
most significant finding in GBS
symmetric leg weakness w/ diminished DTR
CSF analysis in GBS
increased prtn with normal wbc count
treatment of GBS
IVIG or plasmapheresis
classic findings in duchenne muscular dystrophy
calves hypertrophy and gower’s signs
acute ataxia definition
unsteadiness of walking or fine movements of less than 72 hours duration
3 most common causes of acute ataxia in children
post infectious cerebellar ataxia (most common), intoxication, guillain barre syndrome.
classic physical findings of cerebral palsy
peripheral hypertonia and axial hypotonia
classic cause of spastic hemiplegia cerebral palsy
unilateral perinatal stroke
drug used for migraine prophylaxis in obese children and kids with epilepsy
Topiramate. –use in muffin top kids
migraine prophylactic used in depressed kids
amitriptyline
migraine prophylactic contraindicated in asthmatics
propranolol
7 diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis
- 6 or more cafe au lait spots
- 2 axillary or inguinal freckling
- 2 neurofibroma or 1 complex neurofibroma
- optic glioma
- 2 lisch nodules
- sphenoid dysplasia or long bone abnormalities
- first degree relative with NF1.
major criteria for tuberous sclerosis
ash leaf skin, shagreen patch
subependymal nodules
retinal hamartoma
cardiac rhabdomyoma
renal angiomyolipoma
lymphangioleiomyomatosis
what disease presents with port wine stain affecting V1 and V2, leptomeningeal angiomas, seizures, unilateral glaucoma,e tc.
sturge weber syndrome.
