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Neuro > Peds > Flashcards

Peds Flashcards

1
Q

Rooting reflex

Age appears?
Age disappears?
How to elicit?
Response?

A

Birth

3-4mo

Head midline, stroke perioral area

Infant opens mouth and turns head to stimulated side

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2
Q

Suck-swallow reflex

Age appears?
Age disappears?
How to elicit?
Response?

A

Birth

3-4mo

Place nipple or finger 3 to 4 cm into mouth

Suck should be strong: push finger up and back; note rate

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3
Q

Asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR)

Age appears?
Disappears?
How to elicit?
Response?

A

Birth

4-6mo

With baby supine, turn head to one side; hold 15 sec

Arm and leg extend on facial side; arm and leg flex on skull side

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4
Q

Palmar Grasp

A

Birth

3-6 mo

Press finger into infants palm and press against palm

Infant flexes all fingers around examiner’s finger (grabs finger)

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5
Q

Galant reflex (trunk incurvation)

A

Birth

2mo

Suspend baby prone; stroke 2 to 3 cm from spine with fingernail (the paraspinals)

Baby flexes towards stimulus/side being stroked

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6
Q

Stepping reflex

A

Birth

6-8 weeks

Infant is held as though weight bearing with feet on surface

Infant steps along, raising one foot at a time (step-like movements)

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7
Q

Moro reflex

A

Birth

4mo

Present loud noise or allow infant’s head to drop slightly

Arms spread and fingers extend and then flex; then arms come toward each other; cry is possible

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8
Q

Crossed extension reflex

A

0-4 mo

No info on age disappears?

Passively extend one leg and press knee to table; prick sole of that foot with pin

Pricked foot leg curls up and other leg should slightly extend and adduct

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9
Q

Plantar Grasp

A

Birth

8-10 mo

Place finger firmly against base of toes

Toes should curl down

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10
Q

Landau reflex

A

3 mo

15 mo-2yr

Suspend infant prone by supporting abdomen

Infant should lift both head and legs
(“Superman”)

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11
Q

Neck righting reflex

A

6mo

2yr

With infant supine, turn head to one side

Infant’s trunk rotates in direction of head

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12
Q

Parachute reflex

A

6-8 mo

Never disappears

Suspend infant prone and lower quickly toward table

Infant should extend arms, hands, and fingers

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13
Q

Apgar scoring system

What do the letters stand for?

Tests for what and when is it done?

A

A-Activity (muscle tone)

P-Pulse (heart rate)

G-Grimace (reflex irritability)

A-Appearance (skin color)

R-Respiration (breathing effort)

*Performed at 1 and 5 minutes after birth
1 min- how well baby tolerated birthing process
5 min- how well baby is doing outside mother’s womb

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14
Q

Apgar scoring: how are points given for each category?

A

0, 1, or 2 points

Activity- Absent (0), Flexed arms and legs(1), Active (2)

Pulse- Absent, Below 100bpm, Over 100bpm

Grimace- Floppy, Minimal response to stimulation, Prompt response to stimulation

Appearance- Blue;pale, Pink body;blue extremities, Pink

Respiration- Absent, Slow and regular, Vigorous cry

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15
Q

Trunk righting reaction

A

Baby supine, flex and rotate leg

Baby’s trunk and head follow in one movement

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16
Q

Protective extension

A

Extremity movements in response to rapid displacement of body
(Ex. Arms reach behind if pushed backward)

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17
Q

Most advanced of postural reactions:

_____ reactions

A

Equilibrium reactions

*head/trunk righting, weight shifting, leg extension

18
Q

Head righting reaction

A

Tilt or rotate body in relationship to gravity- baby will right their head position

19
Q

Motor milestones

Head control: No head lag by __ months

Segmental rolling: __-__ months

Sitting: __-__ months

Crawling/creeping: __-__ months

Cruising: __-__ months

Walking: __-__ months

A 
4
6-8
6-8
8-9
10-11
12-18
20
Q

5 characteristics of lifespan concept:

A

Lifelong-development is not completed at a specific age but occurs from birth to death

Multidimensional- Interaction of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional changes influences in individual’s development. These changes can be gains or losses throughout life.

Plasticity-There are many possible developmental outcomes, no single course of development

Embedded in History- The broader environmental, social, and cultural context of the person/generation impacts development (mind, body, and social)

Multicausal or multidisciplinary- Recognition that not a single theory or discipline can fully explain human development

21
Q

Developmental time periods:
Infancy: Birth- __ y.o.

Childhood: __-__ years (females), __-__ years (males)

Adolescence: __-__ years (females), __-__ years (males)

Early Adulthood: 18/__-__ years

Middle Adulthood: 47-__/__ years

Older Adult: __/__ years-death

A

Birth-2

2-10, 2-12

10-18, 10-20

18/20-40 years

47-65/70 years

65/70 years-death

22
Q

Motor development is “________”

A

Sequential

23
Q

Developmental sequence:

A

Head control, rolling, sitting creeping, walking

24
Q

Concepts of motor development:

Cephalic to Caudal- ___ control before ___ control

Proximal to Distal- Stable ___ to allow for limb movement; proximal stability before distal skill

*there are more concepts than just these

A

Head control before trunk control

Stable trunk

25
Q

Forms of child abuse:

A

Physical
Emotional
Sexual
Child Neglect

26
Q

S&S of child abuse:

A

The child:
-Shows sudden changes in behavior or school performance

  • Has not received help for physical or medical problems brought to parent’s attention
  • Lacks adult supervision
  • Is overly compliant, passive, or withdrawn
27
Q

S&S of Physical Abuse:

A

Unexplained burns, bites, bruises, black eyes, broken bones

Child seems frightened of parents

Withdraws as parent approaches

28
Q

Def: An injury of the head caused by excessive shaking of infants. Their brain, surrounding blood vessels and nerves are said to be injured due to the rotational force.

A

Shaken Baby Syndrome

29
Q

Reporting Child Abuse, call

A

1-800-4-A-CHILD (1-800-422-4453)

Childhelp national child abuse hotline

30
Q

Def: how we make speech sounds using the mouth, lips, tongue, and voice box

A

Articulation

31
Q

Receptive or expressive language?

Understanding what others say, following directions, making relationships between words, thoughts, ideas

A

Receptive language

32
Q

Receptive or expressive language?

Vocabulary, sentence length, grammar, nonverbal language, feelings, word usage (pronouns, past tense verbs)

A

Expressive language

33
Q

Which comes first receptive or expressive language?

A

Receptive

34
Q

What is physiological flexion?

A

From being in fetal position with limited space in the womb, infants have a flexed spine and flexed extremities.

35
Q

Tummy time:

Why is it important?

When should you start?

A
  • Important for development of head control.
  • Neck and spinal extension develop allowing infant to lift and turn head.
  • Prepares them for next stage of bringing arms from under body into a position to support themselves on forearms.
  • The weight bearing on shoulder girdle from prone on forearms is crucial for late fine motor movements and helps with jaw control
  • Helps lead to transitional movements

*Start early (first week or so) and never leave infant unattended

36
Q

4 stages of motor control:

A

Mobility

Stability

Controlled mobility

Skill

37
Q

Describe progression in prone position:

A
  • Prone extension: arms tucked in close to body, develop neck and spine extension
  • Prone on elbows: arms come out and are at infant’s side stacked under shoulder. This strengthens shoulder girdle stability.
  • Prone on hands: arms move anterior to shoulders increases should stability further and neck/spinal extension
  • All fours
38
Q

Benefits and drawbacks of back to sleep program:

A

Benefits: Reduces risk of SIDS, good position for free movement

Drawbacks: May slightly delay milestone of head control

39
Q

What is important about sign language for children?

A

Helps them to augment language skills providing them with a way to communicate before being able to actually verbalize. Enhances their ability to associate things.

40
Q

Choking hazards:

What is the daycare rule?

A

Anything that fits in a toilet paper roll is a choking hazard for 2yo and under

41
Q

S&S of aspiration:

A

Watery eyes; sneezing while eating

A lot of coughing while eating/drinking

42
Q

Tone management:

Hypotonicity vs. Hypertonicity

A

Hypo: strengthening, big/quick movements

Hyper: slow, rhythmical movements, side lying, quiet space, calm voice

Neuro (6 decks)

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