Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatrics Study Notes > Peds 1 > Flashcards

Peds 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Appropriate mode of action with caustive chemical burns

A

Wash away w. massive irrigation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Consider pituitary adenoma w. neurological symptoms like:

A

Bitemporal loss of vision
Headaches
Overproduction of prolactin
Underproduction of LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

LH deficiency is characterized by:

A

Decreased serum androgen concentration, energy, & libido
Loss of axillary hair
Amenorrhea
Breast atrophy in chronic cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Commonly presents w. staccato cough & low-grade fever or no fever.
Often a/w history of eye infection acquired during birth.
CXR shows hyperinflation or ground-glass appearance

A

Chlamydia pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CXR shows localized or bilateral alveolar & reticular infiltrates

A

Aspiration of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Commonly presents w. cough, high fever, & SOB
CXR shows lobar consolidation
Increased WBC & neutrophilia
Can be complicated by emphyema in infants

A

Pneumococcal or Staphylococcal pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Deep pain in lower legs & knees that shows up at bedtime in children b/w 3-10 yrs. & a/w to familial predisposition

A

“Growing” pains

Relieved by massage, heat, & analgesics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Common cause of vaginitis that presents w. inflammation & erythema of labio majora compounded by excoriations

A

Foreign body
Remove by gentle irrigation w. saline or examination under anesthesia
Treat inflammtion of vulva & vaginal mucosa w. topical estrogen cream for 1 week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Always consider sarcoma botryoides (malignant embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma) w. vaginal tag in young girl

A

Friable, grapelike masses that protrude the urethra or vagina
Presents w. bloody vaginal discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A 3 yof w. normal development of motor skills, head circumference, growth & social interaction unitl 5 mon. of age develops progressive encephalopathy & decline in motor & social skills
Often a/w hypotonia, hand wringing, seizures, & irregulat respiratory patterns
Inherited by X-linked & seen mostly in females as males typically die before birth

A

Rett syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Complication of antenatal steroid & early prophylactic surfactant therapy seen in infants < 28 weeks GA & <1000g BW w. absolute O2 requirement for first 28 days of life
Present w. tachypnea, increase AP diameter, intercoastal retractions, baseline wheezing, fine crackles w. fluid overload, & poor growth
Can cause cor pulmonale, focal emphysema, widespread fibrocystic disease & separation of capillaires for alveolar epithelium

A

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Due to early volume trauma, oxygen free radials, & inflammatory mediators
End result: Obliterative fibroproliferative bronchiolitis w. widespread bronchiolar & bronchial mucosal hyperplasia & metaplasia w. interstitial edema
Lower track obstruction responds to bronchodilators
Goal is to keep oxygen levels over 90%, decrease risk of cor pulmonale, increase rate of growth, & improve neurodevelopmental outcome
Fluid restriction w. use of furosemide to decrease lung fluid overload can cause fluid/electrolyte abnormalities if used long-term.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mechanism of long-term use of furosemide in treating lung fluid overload

A

Volume depletion w. loss of Cl- in urine
Secretion of ATII & aldosterone
Increased Na+ delivery to distal nephron
Increased acid secretion - Metabolic alkalosis
No loss of HCO3 - Contraction alkalosis
Low intravascular volume leads to maintenance of compensatory alkalosis.
Renal retention of Cl- in response to volume depletion
Compensatory increase in PaCO2 w. hypoventilation
Increased urinary Ca2+ leading to nephrolithiasis & nephrocalcinosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Alkalosis

A

Increases K+ loss

Shifts K+ extracellularly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Acidosis

A

Decreases K+ loss

Shifts K+ intracellularly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bartter syndrome

A

Defective Na+ & Cl- in loop of Henle
Volume depletion
Hypokalemia
Metabolic alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chronic use of furosemide

A

Hypo-natremia, -chloremia, -kalemia, -calcemia

Chloride-responsive metabolic alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mild salicylate poisoning

A 
Metabolic acidosis w. respiratory compensation in infants
Metabolic alkalosis in adolescents 
Vomiting
Hyperpnea
Fever 
Lethargy 
Mental confusion 
Treat w. IV bicarbonate to raise pH to 7.0-7.5  or hemodialysis if salicylate level >100mg/dL
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Severe salicylate poisoning

A

Convulsion
Coma
Respiratory & CV collapse

19
Q

Chronic salicylate ingestion

A 
Hyperventilation 
Dehydration 
Bleeding disorders 
Seizures 
Coma
20
Q

Management of salicylate poisoning

A

Gastric lavage w. airway protection up to 24 hrs. after ingestion
Give activated charcoal
Aggressive IV bicarbonate to alkalize urine & excrete salicylates

21
Q

Treatment of acute pulmonary exacerbations in CF patients

A

Antibiotics:
Given IV w. severe exacerbation w. bacterial resistance ot oral therapy or failure of oral therapy to work
Most commonly: Tobramycin + 3rd cephalosporin
~Tobramycin + Penicillin
~Tobramycin + Carbapenem

22
Q

Only complication of strept throat that cannot be prevented by early antibiotic treatment
Latency lasts 1-2 wks.

A

Immune-mediated glomerulonephritis

23
Q

Clinical diagnosis of whooping cough (a reportable disease)

A 
>2 wks. of cough w. paroxysms of cough 
Posttussive vomiting 
Confirmed w. nasopharygneal swab 
Treated w. macrolides 
If allergic, use bactrim, fluoroquinolones, or doxycycline
24
Q

Varicella in immunocompromised patients

A

Varicella pneumonia
Poor prognosis w. ALL
Treat w. IV acyclovir

25
Q

With varicella, crusting of all the lesions is completed:

A

At 7-10 days
Highly pruritic
High risk of superinfection

26
Q

Common cause of SVT in infants

A

Re-entry w. accessory pathway characterized by abrupt onset & cessation
Narrow QRS complex & absent P waves w. unwarying HR
Treat w. rapid infusion adenosine if IV access
Treat w. synchronized DC cardioversion if emergency & no IV access
Once at sinus tachycardia, maintain w. digoxin or propranolol
Vagal stimulation may be used if patient is hemodynamically stable

27
Q

Sequence of management of recurrent UTI’s

A

Ultrasound
VCUG
Renal scan w. DMSA

28
Q

Onset of nephrotic syndrome b/w 1-8 yrs. responds to

A

Oral prednisone w/o need for renal biopsy

Treat within 4-6 wks. & taper slowy over 2-3 mon.

29
Q

Work-up for nephrotic syndrome in children

A

24hr urine collection

Oral prednisone

30
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia in children >5yrs.

Treated w. macrolides

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Significant bilateral interstitial pneumonia

31
Q

Initial treatment for acne vulgaris

A 
Topical comedolytics 
Oral isotretinoin, if severe
Oral antibiotics (tetracyclines or erythromycin), if refractory, severe inflammatory acne
32
Q

First line therapy for acute CHF

A

IV furosemide

33
Q

Most common cause of ophthalmia neomatorum

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

34
Q

Eye infection that can occur at birth or after 5 days of age w. topical antibiotic prophylaxis at birth
Treated w. systemic ceftraixone

A

Gonococcal conjunctivitis

35
Q

Eye infection that can occur after 5-23 days after birth

Treated w. systemic erythromycin

A

Chlamydial conjunctivitis

36
Q

Treatment for HSV conjunctivitis & keratitis

A

IV acyclovir for 14-21 days

37
Q

Most common complication of mumps in prepubertal children

A

Meningoencephalomyelitis

38
Q

Condition a/w elevated IgE levels & development of allergic rhinitis & asthma
Present w. pruritic skin & excoriated skin lesions worsened by application of water

A

Atopic dermatitis
Initial: Erythematous papules w. excoriations & serous exudate on face & extensor surfaces
Subacute: Scaling papules on flexural areas
Chronic: Thickened, discolored skin w. accentuated surface markings and fibrotic papules
Treat w. constant skin hydration using emollients & topical steroids for acute flare-ups

39
Q

Significant route of HIV transmission along w. vertical transmission

A

Breastfeeding

40
Q

Vertical HIV transmission can be reduced with:

A

C-section

Prenatal, intrapartum, & neonatal zidovudine therapy

41
Q

Type of sedation indicated in children that have not fasted prior to procedure & do not requires deep level

A

Conscious sedation

42
Q

For minor surgical procedures, administration of ______ by oral or rectal route is sufficient for sedation.

A

Short/long acting benzodiazepines such as midazolam/diazepam
IV can be used for procedures involving intense pain

43
Q

Type of sedation that can be used for fasted, stable children

A

Deep sedation

IV propofol or ketamine

44
Q

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head seen in patients b/w 4-12 yrs. that present w. limping
Self-healing process managed close observation, bracing w. orthoses, or surgical osteotomies
Most common complication: OA

A

Legg-Clave-Perthes disease

Pediatrics Study Notes (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions