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Pediatrics Study Notes > COMBANK I > Flashcards

COMBANK I Flashcards

1
Q

Presents as cutaneous lesion at site of inoculation followed by localized LAD at 1-3 wks. & offending agnet can be identified in Warthin-Starry silver stain

A

Bartonella henselae

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2
Q

Gold standard for identification of Sabouraud’s dextrose agar

A

Sporothric schenckii

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3
Q

When X-ray shows “en face” presentation of the swallowed object in AP or PA film, the foreign object is located in the…

A

Esophagus

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4
Q

When X-ray shows “en face” presentation of the swallowed object in lateral film, the foreign object is located in the…

A

Trachea

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5
Q

Treatment of esophageal foreign body

A

Endoscopic visualization

Removal

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6
Q

Blunt objects in the esophagus of asymptomatic patients are observed for _____ in case it passes into the stomach.

A

24 hrs.

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7
Q

Treatment for food boluses lodged in the esophagus

A

Glucagon therapy :

To decrease lower esophageal sphincter pressure & allow passage into the stomach

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8
Q

Children are encouraged to cough to dislodge an object located in the…

A

Posterior oropharynx

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9
Q

TannerStage I (M)

A

External genitalia & pubic hair

Scant, fine pubic hair or no hair

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10
Q

TannerStage II (M)

A

Enlarged scrotum & testes, reddened scrotal skin w. sparse, long lightly pigmented hair at base of penis

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11
Q

TannerStage III (M)

A

Enlarged & lengthened penis, further growth of testes & sparse, darker, coarses curled pubic hair

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12
Q

TannerStage IV (M)

A

Increased size of penis w. development of glans, larger scrotum & testes, darker scrotal hair, & adult type hair that does not spread to medial thighs

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13
Q

TannerStage V (M)

A

Adult genitalia w. adult type hair that spreads to medial thighs & has a horizontal upper border

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14
Q

Esophageal atresia vs. TEF

A

Presence of TEF is confirmed by gas in the GI tract below the diaphragm

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15
Q

Presents w. choking, coughind, & regurgitation worsened w. attempts to feed, inability to pass nasogastric tube, & scaphoid,abdomen & gasless film

A

Esophageal atresia

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16
Q

Presents w. mental retardation, long face w. large ears, autistic-like behavior, preserved conversational ability, macroorchidism, & MVP. Due to CGG repeat in FMR1 region of X chromosome (XD)

A

Fragile X syndrome

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17
Q

Recurrent sinopulmonary infections (Hib or S. pneumoniae) in young male starting at 6 mon.

A

Inherited deficiencies in humoral immunity (@ 6mon. passive immunity from maternal immunity disappears)

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18
Q

Most severe humoral immune deficiencies presents at 6 mon. w. recurrent sinopulmonary infections & Giardiasis

A

Bruton’s agammaglobinemia (Abnormal tyrosine kinase)

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19
Q

Deficiencies of __________ presdispose to recurrent meningococcal & gonococcal infections

A

Terminal complement cascade (C5-C9)

20
Q

Present w. history of fungal infections, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, velo-cardio-facial anomalies, & tetany secondary to hypocalcemia

A

DiGeorge syndrome

21
Q

Due to defect of DNA repair enzyme that leads to undetectable IgA w. elevated IgM & normal IgG levels

A

Ataxia-telangiectasia

22
Q

Due to microtubular dysfunction that causes ocular albinism & neutropenia

A

Chediak-Higashi syndrome

23
Q

Most common cause of neonatal conjunctivitis that occurs 5-14 days of delivery that is treated w. 14-day course of oral erythromycin

A 
Chlamydial conjunctivitis 
(Basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions)
24
Q

Neonatal conjunctivitis that occurs 2-5 days of delivery, a/w high risk of corneal perforation & blindness, and is treated w. IM ceftraixone

A

Gonococcal conjunctivitis

25
Q

Neonatal conjunctivitis that occurs in first 2 weeks after delivery w. vesicular lesion surrounded by erythema near the eye & on corneal epithelium, and is treated w. IV acyclovir

A 
Herpectic conjunctivitis
(Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions)
26
Q

Characterized by elevated IgA & IgE & reduced IgM levels, dermatologic findings like eczema, thrombocytopenia & bleeding abnormalities

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

27
Q

First line empiric treatment for pneumonia in healthy neonate

A

Ampicillin (Listeria & GBS)

Gentamicin or Cefotaxime (Gram-negative organisms)

28
Q

This cephalosporin must be avoided in neonates due to its tendency to displace bilirubin from albumin, increasing plamsa levels of free unconjugated bilirubin

A

Ceftraixone

29
Q

First line empiric treatment for pneumonia in healthy children from 3mon. - 18 yrs.

A

Oral amoxicillin-clavulanate

30
Q

Presents w. large birth weight, hypothermia, large posterior fontanelle, abdominal distension, lethargy, jaundice, edema, umbilical hernia, & large tongue

A

Congenital hypothyroidism

31
Q

Disorder (XD) characterized by serum total T4 levels and normal TSH and free T4 levels.

A

Congenital T4-binding globulin deficiency

32
Q

Benign rash of the newborn commonly seen within 48 hrs. of life as erythematous macules and papules the progress rapidly to pustules on a erythematous base that resolve by 7th day of life.

A

Erythema toxicum neonatorum

Microscopic examinatin of pustular content shows numerous eosinophils

33
Q

Skin eruption mostly seen in infants as pinpoint vesicles over large areas of body surface due to retentionof sweat in occluded eccrine ducts

A

Miliaria crystallina

34
Q

Benign papulopustular rash present in frist three weeks of life that is limited to face, cheeks, & scalp due to withdrawal of maternal hormones. Treated w. soap and water cleansing but resolved within a few months.

A

Neonatal cephalic pustulosis

35
Q

Benign newborn skin eruption w. profuse, yellow-white papules on nose, forehead, lips, & cheeks of fullterm infants due to hyperplastic sebaceous glands at birth. Resolves within 1st few weeks of life

A

Sebaceous hyperplasia

36
Q

Benign newborn rash w. small pustules w/o erythema present at birth that progress to erythematous macules and hyperpigmented macules that last for weeks-months

A

Transient pustular melanosis

Microscopic examinatin of pustular content shows numerous neutrophils

37
Q

Type of injury that caues absent Moro reflex & spasm of SCM muscle w. inability ot move arm & bone irregularities

A

Clavicular Fx

38
Q

Collection of blood beneath the aponeurosis of the scalp commonly seen in VAVD that can become a firm, fluctuant mass that can cross suture lines and fontanelles and increases in size over hours after birth. A/w intracranial hemorrhage & skull fractures

A

Subgaleal hemorrhage

39
Q

Common adolescent hip disorder caused by separation of proximal femoral epiphysis through growth palate, leading to inferior-posterior displacement of the femoral head. Is often corrected by percutaneous single-screw fixation

A

Slipped capital-femoral epiphysis

40
Q

Newborn hip disorder characterized by subluxation of hip joint due to lax musculature or excessive uterine packing in flex-adduct position. Evaluated by Barlow’s & Ortolani’s maneuvers

A

Developmental dysplasia of the hip

41
Q

Childhood hip disorder that presents as painless limp in boys 4-10 yrs. of age due to avascular necrosis of capital epiphysis of femoral head

A

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

42
Q

Increased risk of recurrent thromoembolic episodes

A

Homocystinuria

43
Q

Severe metabolic acidosis in 1st few days of life due to glutathione deficiency (Unlike lactic acidosis in PKU that develops later in infancy rather than in neonatal period)

A

Glutathine synthetase deficiency

44
Q

Antimicrobial therapy is warranted in children < 3 mon. w. Salmonella gastroenteritis

A

Cefotaxime, Ceftriazone, or Cefixime

Ampicillin

45
Q

Consider this procedure as diagnostic & therapeutic in stable patienst w. triad of abdominal pain, palpable sausage-shpaed abdominal mass, & current jelly stools

A

Air contrast enema

Pediatrics Study Notes (5 decks)

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