COMBANK I Flashcards
Presents as cutaneous lesion at site of inoculation followed by localized LAD at 1-3 wks. & offending agnet can be identified in Warthin-Starry silver stain
Bartonella henselae
Gold standard for identification of Sabouraud’s dextrose agar
Sporothric schenckii
When X-ray shows “en face” presentation of the swallowed object in AP or PA film, the foreign object is located in the…
Esophagus
When X-ray shows “en face” presentation of the swallowed object in lateral film, the foreign object is located in the…
Trachea
Treatment of esophageal foreign body
Endoscopic visualization
Removal
Blunt objects in the esophagus of asymptomatic patients are observed for _____ in case it passes into the stomach.
24 hrs.
Treatment for food boluses lodged in the esophagus
Glucagon therapy :
To decrease lower esophageal sphincter pressure & allow passage into the stomach
Children are encouraged to cough to dislodge an object located in the…
Posterior oropharynx
TannerStage I (M)
External genitalia & pubic hair
Scant, fine pubic hair or no hair
TannerStage II (M)
Enlarged scrotum & testes, reddened scrotal skin w. sparse, long lightly pigmented hair at base of penis
TannerStage III (M)
Enlarged & lengthened penis, further growth of testes & sparse, darker, coarses curled pubic hair
TannerStage IV (M)
Increased size of penis w. development of glans, larger scrotum & testes, darker scrotal hair, & adult type hair that does not spread to medial thighs
TannerStage V (M)
Adult genitalia w. adult type hair that spreads to medial thighs & has a horizontal upper border
Esophageal atresia vs. TEF
Presence of TEF is confirmed by gas in the GI tract below the diaphragm
Presents w. choking, coughind, & regurgitation worsened w. attempts to feed, inability to pass nasogastric tube, & scaphoid,abdomen & gasless film
Esophageal atresia
Presents w. mental retardation, long face w. large ears, autistic-like behavior, preserved conversational ability, macroorchidism, & MVP. Due to CGG repeat in FMR1 region of X chromosome (XD)
Fragile X syndrome
Recurrent sinopulmonary infections (Hib or S. pneumoniae) in young male starting at 6 mon.
Inherited deficiencies in humoral immunity (@ 6mon. passive immunity from maternal immunity disappears)
Most severe humoral immune deficiencies presents at 6 mon. w. recurrent sinopulmonary infections & Giardiasis
Bruton’s agammaglobinemia (Abnormal tyrosine kinase)
Deficiencies of __________ presdispose to recurrent meningococcal & gonococcal infections
Terminal complement cascade (C5-C9)
Present w. history of fungal infections, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, velo-cardio-facial anomalies, & tetany secondary to hypocalcemia
DiGeorge syndrome
Due to defect of DNA repair enzyme that leads to undetectable IgA w. elevated IgM & normal IgG levels
Ataxia-telangiectasia
Due to microtubular dysfunction that causes ocular albinism & neutropenia
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Most common cause of neonatal conjunctivitis that occurs 5-14 days of delivery that is treated w. 14-day course of oral erythromycin
Chlamydial conjunctivitis (Basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions)
Neonatal conjunctivitis that occurs 2-5 days of delivery, a/w high risk of corneal perforation & blindness, and is treated w. IM ceftraixone
Gonococcal conjunctivitis
Neonatal conjunctivitis that occurs in first 2 weeks after delivery w. vesicular lesion surrounded by erythema near the eye & on corneal epithelium, and is treated w. IV acyclovir
Herpectic conjunctivitis (Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions)
Characterized by elevated IgA & IgE & reduced IgM levels, dermatologic findings like eczema, thrombocytopenia & bleeding abnormalities
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
First line empiric treatment for pneumonia in healthy neonate
Ampicillin (Listeria & GBS)
Gentamicin or Cefotaxime (Gram-negative organisms)
This cephalosporin must be avoided in neonates due to its tendency to displace bilirubin from albumin, increasing plamsa levels of free unconjugated bilirubin
Ceftraixone
First line empiric treatment for pneumonia in healthy children from 3mon. - 18 yrs.
Oral amoxicillin-clavulanate
Presents w. large birth weight, hypothermia, large posterior fontanelle, abdominal distension, lethargy, jaundice, edema, umbilical hernia, & large tongue
Congenital hypothyroidism
Disorder (XD) characterized by serum total T4 levels and normal TSH and free T4 levels.
Congenital T4-binding globulin deficiency
Benign rash of the newborn commonly seen within 48 hrs. of life as erythematous macules and papules the progress rapidly to pustules on a erythematous base that resolve by 7th day of life.
Erythema toxicum neonatorum
Microscopic examinatin of pustular content shows numerous eosinophils
Skin eruption mostly seen in infants as pinpoint vesicles over large areas of body surface due to retentionof sweat in occluded eccrine ducts
Miliaria crystallina
Benign papulopustular rash present in frist three weeks of life that is limited to face, cheeks, & scalp due to withdrawal of maternal hormones. Treated w. soap and water cleansing but resolved within a few months.
Neonatal cephalic pustulosis
Benign newborn skin eruption w. profuse, yellow-white papules on nose, forehead, lips, & cheeks of fullterm infants due to hyperplastic sebaceous glands at birth. Resolves within 1st few weeks of life
Sebaceous hyperplasia
Benign newborn rash w. small pustules w/o erythema present at birth that progress to erythematous macules and hyperpigmented macules that last for weeks-months
Transient pustular melanosis
Microscopic examinatin of pustular content shows numerous neutrophils
Type of injury that caues absent Moro reflex & spasm of SCM muscle w. inability ot move arm & bone irregularities
Clavicular Fx
Collection of blood beneath the aponeurosis of the scalp commonly seen in VAVD that can become a firm, fluctuant mass that can cross suture lines and fontanelles and increases in size over hours after birth. A/w intracranial hemorrhage & skull fractures
Subgaleal hemorrhage
Common adolescent hip disorder caused by separation of proximal femoral epiphysis through growth palate, leading to inferior-posterior displacement of the femoral head. Is often corrected by percutaneous single-screw fixation
Slipped capital-femoral epiphysis
Newborn hip disorder characterized by subluxation of hip joint due to lax musculature or excessive uterine packing in flex-adduct position. Evaluated by Barlow’s & Ortolani’s maneuvers
Developmental dysplasia of the hip
Childhood hip disorder that presents as painless limp in boys 4-10 yrs. of age due to avascular necrosis of capital epiphysis of femoral head
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
Increased risk of recurrent thromoembolic episodes
Homocystinuria
Severe metabolic acidosis in 1st few days of life due to glutathione deficiency (Unlike lactic acidosis in PKU that develops later in infancy rather than in neonatal period)
Glutathine synthetase deficiency
Antimicrobial therapy is warranted in children < 3 mon. w. Salmonella gastroenteritis
Cefotaxime, Ceftriazone, or Cefixime
Ampicillin
Consider this procedure as diagnostic & therapeutic in stable patienst w. triad of abdominal pain, palpable sausage-shpaed abdominal mass, & current jelly stools
Air contrast enema
