Pediatrics SF

Question 1

Type of esophageal atresia with isolated esophageal atresia

Answer 1

type A

A: isolated
B: EA with proximal TEF
C: EA with distal TEF
D: EA with both p d TEF
E: TEF only (H appearnce)

C > A > H > D > B

Question 2

Wilm’s tumor with residual nonhematogenous tumor confined to abdomen

Answer 2

stage III (3-sidual)

Question 3

triad of Eagle-Barrett syndrome

Answer 3

“Prune-Belly syndrome”

deficiency of abdominal musculature
urinary tract malformation
bilateral cryptorchidism

Question 4

major rissk factors for recurrence of febrile seizures

Answer 4

Age <1 year
Duration of fever <24 hours
fever 38-39ºC

Question 5

most consistent risk factor of urinary tract inefction among young males

Answer 5

uncircumcised penis

10-15x higher risk

Question 6

common perinatal period causes of neonatal seizure in the ages 1-4 days

Answer 6

intraventricular hemorrhage
sepsis
hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

Question 7

maternal and pregnancy insults leading to neonatal seizures in ages 1-4 days

Answer 7

maternal hyperthhyroidism
maternal hypoparathyroidism
prematurity, SGA
maternal dabetes
maternal drug withdrawal

Question 8

metabolic and toxicity insults that cause neonatal seizures in ages 1-4 days

Answer 8

acute electrolyte disorders
inborn errors of metab
lidocaine, penicillin toxicity

Question 9

CNS infections cause seizures when

Answer 9

ages 4 days onwards

Question 10

truma cause neonatalseizures when?

Answer 10

2-8 weeks

head injury

Question 11

complications of foreign body aspiration

Answer 11

fever
cough
hemoptysis

pneumonia
atelectasis
complete airway obstruction

Question 12

leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children younger than 4 years of age

Answer 12

chocking

Question 13

most common objects on which children choke

Answer 13

food items (nuts)

Question 14

most seriuos complication of foreign body aspiration

Answer 14

complete airway obstruction

Question 15

most important factor in determining ithe need for bronchoscopy

Answer 15

history

Question 16

most common aspiration site of aspiration in <1 year old

Answer 16

larynx

Question 17

chockin is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for what age group

Answer 17

<4 years old

Question 18

remarks on rhabdomyomas

Answer 18

1. mostly assocd with ªtuberous sclerosis (50%)
2. involve the VENTRICLES preferentially
3. histologic processing lead to “spider” cells

/because rhabdomyomas often regress spontaneously, they may be considered as HAMARTOMAS rather than true neoplasms./ (Robbins)

ªTSC1: hamartin
TSC2: tuberin
both genes are TSG
the proteins are inhibitor of mTOR

Question 19

Carney complex

Answer 19

mutation in PRKAR1A, encoding a regulatory subunit of a cAMP-dep protein kinase (Carney complex)

assoc’d with MYXOMAS

• most common heart tumor in adults and overall
• 90% arise from the atria (fossa ovalis)
• left-to right atrial ratio of 4:1

Question 20

gorlin syndrome

Answer 20

nevoid basal cell carcinoma

assoc’d with cardiac fibroma

Question 21

triad of renal vein thrombosis

Answer 21

“MaTH”

Mass, flank
Thrombocytopenia
Hematuria, gross

Question 22

causes of renal vein thrombosis in newborns and infants

Answer 22

asphyxia
dehydration
sepsis
preeclampsia

Question 23

causes of renal vein thrombosis in older children

Answer 23

nephrotic syndrome
CHD
post-kidney transplant
exposure to contrast agents

Question 24

greatest risk factor for NEC

Answer 24

prematurity

sign of severe NEC: portal venous gas

Question 25

favored site of cardiac myxomas

Answer 25

fossa ovalis in the atrial septum

Question 26

sea-anemone-shaped heart tumors

Answer 26

PAPILLARY FIBROELASTOMAS
-4th most common cardiac tumor overall
-ENDOCARDIAL
->80% located on valves
(ventricular surfaces of semilunar valves
and atrial surfaces of AV valves

Question 27

remarks on TSG genes

Answer 27

TSC1: hamartin
TSC2: tuberin
both genes are TSG
the proteins are inhibitor of mTOR

Question 28

metastatic tumors from the heart most common come from the ff

Answer 28

lung and breast CA
melanoma
leukemia
lymphoma