pediatric cardiology Flashcards
cardiac embryology:
first identifieable cardia precursors
angiogenetic cell clusters arranged on both sides of the embryo’ central axis
cardiac embryology:
clusters form paired cardiac tubes by ______
18 days og gestation
paired tubes fuse in the midline on the ventral surface of the embryo to form the _____________
primitive heart tube by 22 days
cardiac embryology:
septation of the ventricles
25 days
cardiac embryology:
septation of the atria
30 days
cardiac embryology:
AV valve and semilunar valve formation is complete
3 months
funtional closure of DA
10-15 hours after birth
by constriction of the medial, smooth muscle in the ductus
anatomic closure of DA
2-3 weeks of age
strongest stimulus for constriction of ductal smooth muscles
postnatal increase in O2 saturatiotn of systemic circulation
the ductal tissue of a premature infant responds ____ intensively to oxygen than that of a full-term infant
less
remarks on ductus arteriosus of term infants
the wall of the ductus is deficient in both the mucoid endothelial layyer and the muscular media
cyanotic heart dse with increaased pulmonary BF
TOGA
TAPVR
truncus arteriosus
cyanoticc heart disease with decreased pulmonary BF
pulmonary atresia pulmonary stenosis TOF tricuspid atresia ebstein anomaly
Acyanoticc heart diseases with increased pulmonary vascular markings
VSD
Development in pulmonary hypertension in untreated acyanotic heart disease
Eisenmenger’s syndrome
remarks on ASD
Systolic ejection †[blowing] murmur on left 2nd ICS
widely split S2
spotaneous closure is 87% for lesions <8 mm
†for VSD: systolic REGURGITANT murmur at LLSB; loud and single S2
what produces the widely split S2 in ASD
results partially from RBBB which delays both the electrical depolarization of the RV and the ventricular contraction resulting in delayed closure of the pulmonary valve
what’s assoc’d with endocardial cushion defect
Down syndrome
Atrioventricular septal defect
hunter syndrome deficiency
iduronate-2-sulfatase
Noonan syndrome
facial anomalies shhort stature webbed neck chest deformities UNDESCENDED TESTES PULMONARY STENOSIS
most common cyanotic heart defect beyond infancy
TOF
*procedure: Blalock-Taussig shunt
RVOT obstruction in TOF is most frequently in the form of
infundibular stenosis
Pulmonary stenosis murmur
systolic ejecction murmur at the mid and ULSB with radation to the upper back
what is the main pathophysiologic mechanism behind the hypercyanotic speels of TOF
due to decreased pulmonary blood flow 📌
