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Board Review > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the dose for pediatric PRBC bolus?

A

10cc/kg

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2
Q

Below what age is needle cric indicated?

A

Under 8-10

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3
Q

What type of conjunctivitis presents at age 2-5 days and what is the treatment?

A

Gonorrhea

Tx: cefotaxime IV, admission

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4
Q

What type of conjunctivitis presents at age 5-14 days and what is the treatment?

A

Chlamydia

Tx: PO erythromycin

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5
Q

What is the bacteria and toxin associated w/ HUS?

A

E Coli, Shiga-like toxin

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6
Q

At what age is RPA typically seen and what are the most common causative agents?

A

Age 2-4, staph and strep

Obtain lateral neck XR on inspiration

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7
Q

What are the five cyanotic congenital heart diseases?

A 
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of the great vessels
Truncus arteriosus
Total anomalous pulmonary vascular return
Tricuspid atresia
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8
Q

What are the four non-cyanotic congenital heart diseases?

A

ASD
VSD
PDA
Coarctation

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9
Q

What antibiotics are used in the treatment of meningitis in infants < 1 month old?

A

Cefotaxime or gentamicin + ampicillin (to cover for Listeria)

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10
Q

What antibiotics are used in the treatment of meningitis in infants > 1 month old?

A

Cefotaxime/ceftriaxone + vanc

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of acute cerebellar ataxia?

A

Gait abnormality and truncal weakness 2 weeks after a viral illness
Tx: supportive, most resolve in 2-3 weeks

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12
Q

What is the treatment of croup?

A

Dexamethasone for all children, rac epi for moderate to severe cases

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13
Q

Type of jaundice presenting before the 5th day of life with unconjugated hyperbili

A

Physiologic jaundice

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14
Q

Type of jaundice presenting between 5 days and 8 weeks old with unconjugated hyperbili

A

Breast milk jaundice

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15
Q

Type of jaundice that persists after 2 weeks old with direct hyperbilirubinemia

A

Biliary atresia

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16
Q

What are the criteria for the “wait and see” approach to otitis media?

A

Age > 2
Temp < 39
Duration of sx < 48 hours
Unilateral infection

17
Q

How is severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia defined?

A

Tbili > 25

18
Q

At what age is intussusception seen and what is the treatment?

A

Typically 3 mo - 5 yo

Tx: barium or air enema

19
Q

What are the three phases of pertussis?

A

Catarrhal - fever, cough, rhinorrhea (1-2 weeks)
Paroxysmal - whooping cough (2-6 weeks)
Convalescent (1-2 weeks)

20
Q

What is a “toddler’s fracture”?

A

Spiral fracture of the tibia

Tx: CAM boot or cast

21
Q

What nerve is most often injured in supracondylar fractures?

A

Anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve (test by having pt make an “ok” sign)

22
Q

What is the most common cause of septic arthritis in children?

A

Staph aureus

23
Q

What types of fractures are considered concerning for NAT?

A

Transverse long bone fractures
Corner or bucket handle fractures
Rib fractures (esp posterior)
Skull fractures

24
Q

How is neonatal sepsis managed?

A

20 cc/kg IVF bolus up to 4 times
Amp + gent
OR if high suspicion for meningitis, amp + cefotaxime or ceftaz
Early intubation in lethargic patients

24
Q

In what age group is pyloric stenosis seen and how is it managed?

A

< 6 weeks

NGT decompression, IVF, and surgical intervention

24
Q

What radiologic finding is seen in malrotation with volvulus?

A

Double bubble on XR

24
Q

What GI complications can be caused by Henoch-Schonlein purpura?

A

Intussusception, GI bleeding, bowel obstruction, perforation

In patients with severe abdominal pain, obtain imaging (XR and us) and consult surgery

25
Q

PALS: doses for defibrillation

A

1st shock: 2 J/kg
2nd shock: 4 J/kg
Subsequent shocks 4 J/kg or greater (up to 10 J/kg)

26
Q

PALS: dosing of epinephrine

A

0.01 mg/kg IV

Endotracheal dose: 0.1 mg/kg

27
Q

PALS: dosing of amiodarone

A

5 mg/kg IV bolus (repeat up to 2 times)

28
Q

PALS: dosing of atropine

A

0.02 mg/kg (minimum dose: 0.1 mg, maximum dose 0.5 mg in children, 1.0 mg in teens)

29
Q

PALS: dosing of adenosine

A

0.1 mg/kg

30
Q

PALS: dosing for cardioversion

A

0.5 J/kg (for all tachydysrhythmias)

31
Q

What type of XR should be obtained when evaluating for SCFE?

A

Lateral hip XRs

32
Q

What is the treatment for pertussis?

A

Macrolide (e.g., azithro) for both pt and close contacts

Board Review (10 decks)

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