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PANRE > pediatrics > Flashcards

pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

congenital cyanotic heart diseases

A

truncus arteriosus- 1 vessel instead of 2 normal
transposition of great arteries: 2 vessels switched
Tricuspid atresia: absense of tricuspid valve leads to hypoplastic right ventricle!!
tet of fallot: right ventricular outflow obstruction, right ventricular hypertrophy, override aorta, ventricular septal defect
total anomalous pulm venous returns: 5 vessels- all 4 pulm veins connect to superior vena cava instead of left atrium

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2
Q

VSD

A

most common congenital heart disease- hole in ventricular septum
harsh, holosystolic murmur at the lower left sternal border
echo, RVH and LVH .

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3
Q

transposition of the great arteries

A

aorta and pulm artery switched@@- SEVERE cyaosis
cyanosis and tachypnea in the new born
TX: alprostadil- prostaglandin analog- maintains patency of the ductus arteriosus- until surgical repair

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4
Q

atrial septal defuct

A

hole in atrial septum= sytolic ejection murmur
ostium secundum MC
most patients asymptomatic until more than 30 y.
WIDELY SPLIT FIXED s2!!!!!!- does not vary with respirations

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5
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

countinuous machinery murmur!!!
WIDE pulse pressure
IV INDOMETHACIN! to close a PDA in infants

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6
Q

tet of fallot

A

tet spells- cyanosis relieved with squatting
BOOT SHAPED HEART
alprostadil until surgery

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7
Q

coarctation of aorta

A

BICUSPID AORTIC VALVE MOSTLY
-RIB NOTICHING ON CXR
systolic blood pressure in upper extremety is higher than lower extremety

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8
Q

pulm atresia

A

blood unable to flow from right ventricle into the pulm artery
alprostadil

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9
Q

respiratory distress syndrome

A

GROUND GLASS OPACITIES +air bronchograms

  • give surfactant
    prevention: corticosteroids given to mature lungs- 24-36 weeks
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10
Q

meconium aspiration

A

incidence in posterm infants

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11
Q

jaundice in the newborn

A

pathologic if occurs in first 24 hours of life

physiologic- indirect bili rises in days 3-5 days

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12
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

nontender, olive shaped, mobile hard pylorus, projectile after feeding, string sign in upper gi- ultrasound 1st line

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13
Q

intussusception

A

telescopes - bowel obstruction- vomiting, abd pain, currant jelly stool - sausage shaped mass- BARIUM contrast enema

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14
Q

hirschprung disease

A 
congenital absense of ganglion cells- 
failure to pass meocnium in more than 48 hours
bilious vomiting, abdominal distention
anorectal manometry- intiial screen
rectal biopsy- definitive diagnosis
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15
Q

esophageal atresia

A

absense or closure of the esophagus- tracheosesophageal fistula- immediately after birth with excessive oral secreitions- surgery

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16
Q

duodenal atresia

A

gastric outlet obstruction- increased incidence i n down sydnrome- bilious vomiting- DOUBLE BUBBLE SIGN

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17
Q

coxsackie virus

A

mc viral cause of pericarditis and myocarditis

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18
Q

rubella

A

german measles- 3 day rash- togavirus
lymphadenopathy- pink, light red spotted maculopapular rash- on face and then extremities- transient join pains and photosensitivity

19
Q

scarlet fever

A

GABHWS!!!! strep pyogenes infection- type IV delayed reaction to pyrogenic toxins!!
pharygintis, SANDPAPER REASH- desquamates over time-
STRAWBERRY TOUNGue and circumoral palor
pastia’s lignes- linear lesison on pressure points, axillary, antecubital

TX: pencillin G!! or VK

20
Q

kleinfelter’s

A

kmales with hypognadism and small testes

21
Q

neural tube defects

A

maternal folate deficienciy
spinal bifida with myelomeningocele: MC- meninges and spinal cord herniates through the gap in the vertebrae.

amniocentesis: increased alpha fetoprotein

22
Q

live attenuated vaccines

A
  • not given to imunocomp or preg patients

MMR *only one can be given to hiv patients)
CHicken POX
ROTAVIRUS

23
Q

killed inactivated vaccines

A

influenza, rabies, polio salk, cholera, hep A

24
Q

hep b vaccine

A

contraindicated in those with baker’s yeast allergy

25
Q

eggs

A

influenza should be avoided

26
Q

gelatin

A

avoid varicella, influenza

27
Q

neomycin and streptomycin allergy

A

MMR And inactivated polio vaccine avoided

28
Q

only vaccines safe in preg

A

diptheria, tetanus, inactivated influenza, HBV

NO LIVE vaccines: MMR, varicella or intranasal influenza vaccine

29
Q

hep B

A

1st dose at birth, 2nd dose at 1-2 months, then 6-18 months

30
Q

dtap

A

for less than 7 years old - 5 doses- 2, 4,6, 15-18, 4-6 years

31
Q

hflu

A

2,4,6, 12-18, - 4 doses- before 2 years old

32
Q

pcv 13

A

same as h flu

33
Q

polio

A

same as dtap- less than 18 years-4 doses only

2,4,6-18 months, 4-6 years

34
Q

MMR

A

after 1 year- 12 months, 4-6 years

35
Q

varicella

A

after 1 year- 4,6 years, 12 months

36
Q

hep a

A

12 months

37
Q

cyanotic defects

A

tet of fallot
pulm atresia
hypoplastic left heart syndrome
transposition of the great vessels

38
Q

non cyanotic congenital defects

A

atrial septal defect
VSD
PDA
coarctation of the AORTA

39
Q

transopsition of the great areries

A

aorta from the right ventricle and pulmonary artery form the left ventricle —causes severe cyanosis!!!

if the infant has an intact ventricular septum- CYANOSIS AND TACHYPNEA IN THE NEWBORNS- esp when the pulmonary ductus arteriosus closes!!!- cyanosis is unchanged when you give oxygen!!!
CYANOSIS AND TACHYPNEA IN NEW BORN
egg on a string!!
echo
surgical repair!!
IF LARGE VSD: less severe cyanosis but causes CHF and poor feeding

40
Q

tet of fallot

A

Right ventricular outflow obstruction- pulmonary artery sTENOSIS!!!
right ventricular hypertrophy
Ventricular septal defect
overriding AORTA!
blue baby syndrome!!
tet spells- relieved with squatting!!
harsh holosystolic murmur at left upper sternal border
boot shaped heart (SOUNDS LIKE Pulmonary stenosis)

41
Q

pulmonary atresia

A

complete obstruction to right ventircular outflow if there is intact ventricular septum!!!- blood cannot fllow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery and the lungs!!!!!

CYANOSIS!!- improved survival if patent ductus arteriosus!!- SINGLE HEART SOUND!!!- only aortic valve is there!!!- systolic murmur of tricuspid regurg

42
Q

tricuspid atresia

A

absense of the tricuspid valve leads to a hypoplastic right ventricle!!!
cyanosis due to right- to left shutnting!!1

43
Q

hypoplastic left heart syndrome

A

failure of the development of the MITRAL valve, aortic valve and the aortic arch—SMALL VENTRICLE UNABLE TO SUPPLY THE normal systeic circulation requiremnts!!!
RIGHT ventriCULAR HYPERTROPHY!!!!
CARdiOMEGALy111

PANRE (18 decks)

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