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Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Intercavernosum phenylephrine is the treatment modality for

A

Priapism

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2
Q

First step treatment for phimosis

A

Dorsal slit procedure
Topical steroid cream
Periodic gentle retraction

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3
Q

What is the most common cause of external shunt infection?

A

Staph epidermidis

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4
Q

What is the most common reason for pediatric VP shunt failure?

A

Choroid plexus obstruction

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5
Q

When considering scrotal pain, what favors torsion over epididymitis?

A 
Acute, severe pain
High riding testicle
pain worsens with testicle elevation
Absent cremasteric reflex
Decreased Doppler color flow
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6
Q

What is the most common way to de-torse a testicle?

A

Medial to lateral rotation for 1-1.5 rotations

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7
Q

What is Prehn sign?

A

Relief with elevation of the affected testicle

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8
Q

What is a complex febrile seizure?

A

Multiple seizures during the same illness (>1 in 24 hours), prolonged seizures (>15 min), focal seizures

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9
Q

What kind of vomiting is commonly seen in pyloric stenosis?

A

Non-bilious

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10
Q

What is the classic finding in pyloric stenosis seen on upper GI series?

A

String sign passage of contrast through narrow pyloric sphincter

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11
Q

What do the labs show in pyloric stenosis?

A

Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

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12
Q

What common viral infection is associated with intussusception?

A

Adenovirus

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13
Q

What medications are associated with the development of necrotizing enterocolitis?

A

Indomethacin

Vitamin E

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14
Q

The majority of shunt infections present when?

A

Within the first two weeks of placement, with 80% occurring by 6 months

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15
Q

Intravenous Ig is used to treat

A

Kawasaki disease
ITP
Guillain-Barre

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16
Q

What is the diagnostic test of choice for suspected malrotation with volvulus?

A

Upper GI series

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17
Q

What type of intussusception occurs with HSP?

A

Ileoileal

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18
Q

What is the most commonly fractured bone in children <2?

A

Clavicle

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19
Q

The most common cause of acute onset altered consciousness in the pediatric population is

A

Toxic ingestion

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20
Q

Most common intra-abdominal injuries associated with Chance fractures of lumbar vertebrae

A

Pancreas and small bowel

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21
Q

What is the triad of “seat belt syndrome” in children?

A

Lumbar spine fracture
Intra-abdominal injury
Pelvic fracture

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22
Q

What is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children?

A

Kawasaki disease

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23
Q

The most common causes of neonatal (<1 month) meningitis are

A

group B Streptococcus and Escherichia coli

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24
Q

The most common causes of meningitis in children (>1 month to 18 years) are:

A

Neisseria meningitidis
Strep pneumo
H. flu

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25
Most common cause of death in sickle cell children
Strep pneumo sepsis
26
What is an appropriate adenosine dose in pediatrics?
0.1 mg/kg for the first dose followed by 0.2 mg/kg for the second dose (not to exceed 6 mg and 12 mg respectively)
27
Maltese cross sign is pathognomonic for
Nephrotic syndrome | Indicates fatty casts in urine
28
Child with pink foamy urine, dx
PSGN | Decreased serum C3 most specific finding
29
Lipid emulsion is the treatment for
Lidocaine toxicity
30
S/S lidocaine toxicity
Perioral numbness Tingling Arrythmia
31
IO inaccurate lab values
``` WBC K Ca AST/ALT pO2 ```
32
When to use oral rehydration therapy
Mild to moderate dehydration
33
Age range for croup
6 months to 3 years
34
Txs for croup
Racemic epi Cool, humidified air Dexamethasone
35
BP ranges
70 + 2x age to 90 + 2x age
36
Organs/cells that require glucose
brain gut epithelium nephron RBC
37
PCARN height cutoff >2years
5 ft
38
PCARN height cutoff <2 years
3 ft
39
NAVELIV for meds down ETT
``` Naloxone Atropine Valium Epinephrine Lidocaine IV or IO preferred Use 2-3x IV dose except epindephrine (10x the dose) ```
40
Resus amount of blood dose
10 ml/kg prbc
41
Narrowest portion of airway
Cricoid ring
42
How to calculate ETT size
(Age + 16)/4
43
breaths per minute for peds resus
8-10 per min
44
CPR compressions # in peds resus
100/min
45
Defib dose for peds resus
2 J/kg shock initial | then 4J/kg
46
Synchronized cardioversion dose peds resus
0.5-1 J/kg initial | then 2 J/kg
47
IVF bolus dose for peds
20 ml/kg NS
48
4-2-1 rule for IVF resus
4 cc/kg for the first 10 kgs of a patient's weight 2 cc/kg for the next 10 kgs of a patient's weight 1 cc/kg for the rest of the patient's weight
49
Inspiratory stridor suggests an obstruction where?
At or above the larynx
50
Newborn RR
<60
51
1-6 months old RR
24-35
52
6-12 months old RR
??
53
1-5 years old RR
20-30
54
6-12 years old RR
12-25
55
Signs of impending respiratory failure
Reduced LOC, lethargy, shallow or quiet breathing, apnea
56
Most common organism causing croup
Parainfluenza
57
Mgmt croup
Supportive | Cool mist/O2 as necessary
58
When to use racemic epi in croup
Moderate to severe respiratory distress
59
Single dose of dexamethasone for croup peds
0.15 mg/kg as effective as higher doses, can give oral, iv, im
60
Tripoding, drooling, stridor, toxic appearing; | dx
Epiglottitis
61
Mgmt epiglottits
Intubation by ENT in OR Do not upset child 3rd gen cephalosporin
62
Peds pt has croup but gets sicker; | dx?
Bacterial tracheitis | Superinfection - staph aureus
63
Findings in bacterial tracheitis
Pseudomembrane and purulent secretions
64
Mgmt unstable SVT in peds
0.5 J/kg synchronized cardioversion
65
Length of catarrhal stage of whooping cough
Up to 2 weeks
66
What is the first step in the evaluation of every child with difficulty breathing?
Identify wheezing vs stridor
67
Dose of epi in peds resus
0.01 mg/kg of 1:1,000
68
Dose of amio in peds resus
5 IV mg/kg | bolus w/o pulse, 20-60 min with pulse
69
Dose of procainamide in peds resus
15 mg/kg IV
70
Dose of lidocaine in peds resus
1 mg/kg IV/IO
71
Dose of magnesium in peds resus
25-30 mg/kg IV/IO
72
Dose of glucose in peds resus
0.25-0.5 g/kg Infants: D10W 2.5-5 ml/kg Children: D25W 1-2 ml/kg Adolescents D50W 1ml/kg
73
Why is D10 neonates/infants?
To prevent IC hemorrhage, vein damage
74
Virus that causes RSV
Parainfluenza
75
Mgmt RSV
Supportive O2 monitoring, suction, antipyretics Ribavarin in high risk infants
76
5Ts of congenital heart issues
``` Tet of Fallot most common Transposition of the great arteries Total anomalous pulmonary venous return Tricuspid atresia Truncus Arteriosus ```

Emergency Medicine (38 decks)

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