Pediatrics Flashcards
Considerations for paediatric pts?
Higher metabolism (2-3x of adult)
Prone to hypovolemia and dehydration
Their procedures have priority
Increased sensitivity to sedatives, hypnotics, and opioids
When before surgery do infants need to stop eating?
Formula up to 6 hours before procedure
Clear liquids (dextrose and water) 2 hrs before procedure
Breast fed up to 4 hours before sx
When can toddler drink unit they are NPO?
Clear liquids 2-4 hours preop
When do children over 5 have to be NPO?
After midnight or 6 hours before anesthesia
What should be measured and replaced accurately?
Blood loss
What size bag of fluid should be used and why?
250/500mls to prevent fluid overload
Why do paediatrics lose body temp fast?
Thin fat layer
What should be placed on table to help with temperature?
Hyperthermia blanket or water mattress on OR table
What is placed over newborn prevent heat loss?
Heat lamp
What should be attached to paediatric pt throughout case?
Temperature probe to monitor temperature
What should be lone to the head and the extremities?
They should be wrapped
Infusions or blood should be ______________.
Warmed before infusing
What should be applied immediately after dressing?
Warm blanket
What is used for induction of children?
Inhalation gases
When is hair removed on a child for surgical purposes?
If ordered by surgeon
What should be avoided since it can be abrasive to tender skin
Adhesive tape
What should be placed over a limb dressing?
Stockinette
What is most critical factor when selecting instruments, sutures, needles, and equipment for paediatrics?
Size and wt, NOT age
What is different about haemostats for pediatrics?
They have finer points
What should never be done?
Lay unused instruments on pt, especially the chest!
What is used to retract blood vessels and small structures?
Vessel loops and umbilical tape
What is different about needle holders?
Have fine pointed jaws to hold finer needles
Adolescents can have _________sized instruments
Adult
