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Step 2 Study > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Vital signs babies HR

A

120-160

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2
Q

Vital Signs babies Resp

A

40-60

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3
Q

Vitals Signs babies BP

A

systolic 65

diastolic 50

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4
Q

APGAR

A 
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration
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5
Q

Appearance

A

2: pink
1: pink torso/blue extremities
0: blue all over

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6
Q

Pulse

A

2: >100
1: 60-100
0:

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7
Q

Grimace

reflex and irritability

A

2: sneeze, cough, loud cry
1: grimace/feeble cry
0: no response

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8
Q

Activity

muscle tone

A

2: Active movements
1: some flexion
0: no movement

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9
Q

Respiration

A

2: strong
1: weak irregular
0: absent

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10
Q

APGAR doesn’t predict

A

cerebral palsy

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11
Q 
newborn eye problems
day one?
day 2?
1 wks?
3 wks?
A

day 1: chemical irritation
day 2: n. gonorrhea
1 week: chlamydia
3 weeks: herpes simplex

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12
Q

Vitamin K
factors?
Method of giving?

A

Factors 2, 7, 9, 10

IM injection

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13
Q

Transient Polycythemia of the Newborn

A

Increased RBCs
secondary has increased EPO
Causes hyperviscosity, decreased perfusion, thromboses
most often a problem with LGA, SGA, IDM

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14
Q

Transient Tachypnea of the newborn

A

> 60 bpm

Tx: as though it is sepsis. Start oxygen, antibiotics, work up with CBC and chest x-ray

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15
Q

Transient Hyperbilirubinemia

A

Increased production of unconjugated bilirubin

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16
Q

Caput succedanum

A

crosses suture lines

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17
Q

cephalohematoma

A

does not cross the suture line

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18
Q

Erb-Duchenne Palsy

A

waiters tip

C5-C6

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19
Q

Klumpke Paralysis

A

C7-T1

claw hand plus horner syndrome

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20
Q

Clavicular fracture

A

will heal on it’s own or you can give a figure 8 split

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21
Q

Neonatal Sepsis

Early

A

mom infections
E. Coli + Group B strep + Listeria
Tx: ampicillin, gentamycin, cefotaxime

22
Q

Neonatal Sepsis

Late

A

After the first week
Staphylococci, E. Coli, Group B strep
Tx: ampicillin, gentamycin, cefotaxime

23
Q

Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, ring enhancing lesions

A

Toxoplasmosis

Tx pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine

24
Q

rash on palms/soles, snuffles, frontal bossing, hutchinson 8th n palsy, saddle nose

A

syphilis

Tx Penicillin IV

25
Q

PDA, cataracts, deafness, hepatosplenomegaly, low plts, elevated bilirubins

A

Rubella

Tx: supportive

26
Q

Periventricular calcification, microcephaly, chorioretinitis, hearing loss

A

CMV

Tx: Gangciclovir

27
Q

Shock and DIV
Vesicular skin lesions
encephalitis

A

Herpes

Tx: acyclovir and supportive care

28
Q

polyhydraminos

A

too much fluid

assoc with overproduction, esophageal atresia, cns malformations

29
Q

Oligohydraminos

A

too little fluid

caused by post-term pregnancies, renal agenesis and renal failure

30
Q

Omphalocele

A

midline covered sac

assoc. with imperforate anus, congenital heart defects, conjoined twins, trisomy 18, beckwith weidemann syndrome
tx: surgery

31
Q

Gastrochisis

A

no sac covering

lateral wall defect

32
Q

Wilm’s tumor

A

asymptomatic flank mass, hematuria, hypertension and aniridia
first diagnostic test? U/S
MC diagnostic test : CT

33
Q

Neuroblastoma

A

painful abdominal mass, neurological findings, diarrhea

commonly involves adrenal gland

34
Q

Hydrocele

A

painless, benign, fluid filled

35
Q

cryptochidism

A

undescended testis, increased cancer risk

surgical correction after 6 months

36
Q

hypospadias

A

ventral surface opening, surgery

37
Q

Epispadias

A

dorsal surface opening, surgery

38
Q

Cyanotic heart defecs

A 
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of great vessels
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Truncus arteriosus
total anomalous pulmonary venous return
39
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

pulmonary stenosis
VSD
Overriding Aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy

40
Q

Transposition of the Great Vessels

A

Right and left heart circulations

defect must have a VSD, ASD, or PDA
Tx: PGE1 -keeps it open

41
Q

Hypoplastic left heart

A

absent pulses
right ventricular heave
mild cyanosis/gray

42
Q

Truncus Arteriosus

A

one great vessel
pulmonary hypertension
Tx: surgery

43
Q

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

A

pulmonary veins return to the right atrium

two types

44
Q

TAPVR with obstruction

A

early in life with resp distress and severe cyanosis.
Test: echo
Tx: surgery

45
Q

TAPVR without obstruction

A

Presents later at 1 -2 year with heart failure
Test: Echo
Tx: surgery

46
Q

Acyanotic Heart Defects

A

VSD
ASD
PDA
Coarctation of the aorta

47
Q

88

A

88

48
Q

Barking cough, coryza, stridor
respiratory distress
Steeple sign

A

Croup
Viral Parainfluenza/ RSV

Tx: racemic epinephrine
Moderate severity: steroids
Severe: racemic epinephrine and steroids

49
Q

fever, drooling, respiratory distress

Thumbprint sign

A

Epiglottitis
MCC: bacterial
Tx: Intubate, empiric antibiotics,

50
Q

Epiglottitis micro?

A

H. Influenza type B

Streptococcus and nontypeable H. influenza

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