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0. PANCE Review > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

German measles is also known as what disease?

A

Rubella

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2
Q

Bruises may be purple, green, yellow and brown. How many days old is a yellow bruise?

A
  • Purple day 1-5,
  • Green day 5-7,
  • Yellow 7-10,
  • Brown 10-14
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3
Q

Pain with movement of the pinna or tragus should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Otitis externa

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4
Q

What is the first line treatment for pertussis?

A

Erythromycin

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5
Q

By what age should a child be able to hold up her head?

A

3 months

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6
Q

A Salter-Harris type I fracture affects what area of the bone?

A

Only the physis (growth plate).

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7
Q

By what age should a child be able to sit up?

A

6 months

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8
Q

A 15 year old overweight boy presents to your office limping with knee pain. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

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9
Q

A premature infant with hyaline membrane disease will have what appearance on CXR?

A

Bilateral atelectasis or ground glass appearance

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10
Q

Atypical or walking pneumonia is caused by what pathogen?

A

mycoplasma

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11
Q

What antibiotic is the first line treatment for mycoplasma pneumonia?

A

A macrolide, erythromycin or azithromycin

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12
Q

A patient is having seizures along with a mouse-like odor from the urine. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Phenylketonuria

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13
Q

The description of a dew drop on a rose petal should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Chickenpox

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14
Q

Pale and boggy nasal mucosa should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Allergic rhinitis

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15
Q

List the five major Jones criteria for diagnosing rheumatic fever.

A

Polyarthritis, carditis, subcuticular nodes, erythema marginatum, chorea

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16
Q

Describe erythema marginatum.

A

Pink rings on the trunk and inner surfaces of the limbs.

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17
Q

A child with bulky greasy stool should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Cystic fibrosis

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18
Q

At what age should an infant begin cooing?

A

2 months

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19
Q

What is the most common cause of an upper respiratory tract infection?

A

Rhinovirus

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20
Q

Koplik spots are white clustered lesions on the buccal mucosa. What virus are they pathognomonic for?

A

Measles/Rubeola

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21
Q

What is the first line antibiotic for otitis media?

A

Amoxicillin

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22
Q

How do you treat a patient with respiratory syncytial virus?

A

Albuterol, steroids and fluids

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23
Q

A child presents with painful ulcers in his mouth. On physical exam you find more of the same type of ulcers on his feet and hands. What virus is most likely causing these symptoms?

A

Coxsackie virus

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24
Q

What is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis?

A

Sweat chloride test

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25
Q

By what age should a child be able to walk?

A

12 months

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26
Q

If you believe there may be a foreign body obstructing a child’s breathing what type of CXR should you order?

A

Expiratory view looking for hyperinflation due to air trapping.

27
Q

What is the medical term for lazy eye?

A

Amblyopia

28
Q

A patient presents with a staccato cough but no fever. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Chlamydia pneumoniae

29
Q

What is the most serious complication of Kawasaki syndrome?

A

Aortic Aneurysm

30
Q

A musical vibratory murmur best heard at the apex in a child should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Still’s murmur

31
Q

A palpable olive-shaped epigastric mass in a one month old should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Pyloric stenosis

32
Q

At what age should a child be able to use a spoon and stack 3-4 blocks?

A

18 months

33
Q

What is the x-ray finding that supports diagnosis of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis?

A

Ice cream falling of the cone

34
Q

Which viral exanthem often has conjunctivitis as one of it’s symptoms?

A

Measles/Rubeola

35
Q

What is the most common congenital heart defect?

A

Ventricular septal defect

36
Q

A boot-shaped heart on CXR should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

37
Q

During a physical exam of a child, you feel a tubular or sausage-shaped mass. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Intussusception

38
Q

What is the treatment for a volvulus in a child?

A

Barium enema

39
Q

By what age should a child be able to roll over?

A

4 months

40
Q

What is pertussis more commonly referred to as?

A

Whooping cough

41
Q

Which heart valve is most associated with

rheumatic fever?

A

Mitral

42
Q

You hear a loud harsh holosystolic murmur in a child. It is heard best at the LLSB. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Ventricular septal defect

43
Q

A child presents with paroxysmal abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Intussusception

44
Q

At what age should a child begin to feed himself?

A

6 months

45
Q

Currant jelly stool should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Intussusception

46
Q

Is an upper respiratory infection which includes hoarseness most likely bacterial or viral?

A

Viral

47
Q

Describe Barlow’s test.

A

Adduct and internal rotation of the hips

48
Q

A CXR finding of notched ribs in a child should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Coarctation of the aorta

49
Q

How long should you wait for a swallowed marble to pass through the body before considering surgery?

A

24 hours

50
Q

A 4 year old boy presents between October and March with wheezing, coughing, a runny nose and increased respiratory rate. What is the most likely pathogen?

A

Respiratory syncytial virus

51
Q

Describe the pattern of weight gain in an infant over the following time periods: week one, 6 months, 12 months, 3 years old and 4 years old.

A 
Newborns lose 10% of their birth weight initially but are back to birth weight at 10 days,
 6m = 2x birth weight, 
12m = 3x birthweight,
3 y/o= 30 lbs & 30 inches, 
4 y/o = 40 lbs & 40 inches
52
Q

By what age should a child be able to kick a ball?

A

24 months

53
Q

A child with a fever lasting longer than five days should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Kawasaki syndrome

54
Q

A widely split fixed S2 should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Atrial septal defect

55
Q

Nasal polyps should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Cystic fibrosis

56
Q

In order to diagnose rheumatic fever what one thing must you have?

A

Evidence of a strep infection either positive titer or positive culture. In addition to that you need 2 major criteria or 1 major and 2 minor criteria.

57
Q

Forchheimer spots are associated with what disease?

A

Rubella

58
Q

A Salter-Harris type III fracture affects what area of the bone?

A

The physis (growth plate) as well as the epiphysis

59
Q

A lacey pink rash on the face of a child should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Erythema infectiosum aka fifth disease aka slapped cheek

60
Q

Unilateral purulent rhinitis should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Foreign body

61
Q

What is the medical term for cross-eyed?

A

Strabismus

62
Q

What organism is the most common cause of otitis media?

A

Strep pneumonia

63
Q

At what age should a child begin to say momma and dadda?

A

12 months

0. PANCE Review (15 decks)

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