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0. PANCE Review > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

White curd like vaginal discharge should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Vaginal candida infection

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2
Q

Owl eye inclusion bodies should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

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3
Q

If you have a patient with positive blood cultures for candida what is the first line drug?

A

Amphotericin B

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4
Q

What is the treatment for pertussis?

A

Erythromycin x 7 days

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5
Q

A leukemia patient has a CT of the liver which shows punched out lesions. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Hepatosplenic candida

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6
Q

What disease does Rickettsia rickettsii cause?

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

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7
Q

An India ink stain showing cysts should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Cryptococcosis

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8
Q

A COPD patient has apical cavities and calcified nodes on his CXR. You also discover he has a pet bat and a few birds. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Histoplasmosis

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9
Q

An HIV patient presents with a nonproductive cough and a CXR showing diffuse interstitial infiltrates. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCJ) formerly known as Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)

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10
Q

Honey and babies should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Botulism

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11
Q

What type of organism causes botulism?

What is the treatment for botulism?

A
  • A Gram + rod, Clostridium
    botulinum
  • Antitoxin
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12
Q

A patient presents to the ER with acute progessive weakness, diplopia and a very dry mouth. What organism may be causing this?

A

Clostridium botulinum

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13
Q

Rice water stool should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Cholera

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14
Q

Is diphtheria a Gram-positive or negative organism?

A

Gram-positive

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15
Q

A stuck on grey membrane in the pharynx should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Diphtheria

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16
Q

What are four steps in treating diphtheria?

A

Antitoxin, penicillin, remove membrane, report the case to the CDC

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17
Q

What is the clinical name for whooping cough?

A

Pertussis

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18
Q

What type of organism causes tetanus?

A

A Gram + rod, Clostridium tetani

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19
Q

A patient ate out last night and today has cramping and bloody diarrhea. What is the most likely organism?

A

Salmonella

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20
Q

Diarrhea with blood and mucus should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Shigella

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21
Q

What is the best test to diagnose malaria?

A

Peripheral blood smear

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22
Q

What organism has been linked to reactive arthritis?

A

Shigella, also remember that reactive arthritis has a positive HLA-B27.

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23
Q

What is the treatment for Shigella?

A

Bactrim or fluoroquinolones and hydration.

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24
Q

What organism causes Lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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25
Q

What is the minimum amount of time needed for a tick to transfer
Lyme disease to a human?

A

24 hours

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26
Q

What is the drug of choice to treat Lyme disease in kids or pregnant women?

A

Amoxicillin

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27
Q

What is the drug of choice to treat C. difficile?

A

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

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28
Q

A patient was in the woods yesterday and today presents with erythema migrans. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Lyme disease

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29
Q

What drug is used for the treatment or prophylaxis of malaria?

A

Chloroquine

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30
Q

A patient was camping a few days ago and now has a rash that began on his wrists and ankles.
What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

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31
Q

What is the drug of choice for treating Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

A

Doxycycline

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32
Q

What is the drug of choice for the treatment of syphilis?

A

Pencillin

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33
Q

Any reference to dark field microscopy should make you think of what organism?

A

Treponema pallidum

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34
Q

Is staph gram (+) or gram (-)?

A

Gram (+)

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35
Q

A patient being treated with penicillin for a syphilis infection develops fever, chills, muscle pain and headaches. Do you stop treatment?

A

No this is Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

The patient must be closely monitored, but it is a response to released endotoxin from the death of the spirochetes and not an allergic reaction.

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36
Q

What organism is believed to be the main culprit in creating peptic ulcers?

A

Helicobacter pylori

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37
Q

A painless, clean base chancre should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Primary syphilis

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38
Q

Is pseudomonas gram (+) or gram (-)?

A

Gram (-)

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39
Q

A patient complains of a rash on his palms and soles. He has a fever and chills. In conversation he mentions a strange painless chancre he had a few weeks ago. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Secondary syphilis. This is the most contagious stage.

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40
Q

What is the treatment for cholera?

A

Fluids

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41
Q

What is the current drug of choice for the cytomegalovirus?

A

Ganciclovir

42
Q

Which herpesvirus causes Epstein–Barr?

A

Herpes 4

43
Q

A 16 year old girl presents with an exudative sore throat and general malaise. On physical exam you observe some posterior chain lymphadenopathy and mild splenomegaly. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Epstein–Barr virus

44
Q

What are the two important peices of patient education for anyone diagnosed with mononucleosis?

A

No contact sports (splenic rupture) and no kissing (highly contagious)

45
Q

What is the first symptom of a rabies infection?

A

Pain and anesthesia at the site of the bite

46
Q

How do you definitively diagnose rabies?

A

Pathology of the brain of the animal that performed the bite using fluorescent antibody stain.

47
Q

A patient is bitten by a rabies infected raccoon. On what days do you give human diploid cells?

A

0, 3, 7, 14, 28

48
Q

A diaper rash with satellite lesions should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Candida

49
Q

Name three serious reactions a patient may have with the use of vancomycin?

A

Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and Stevens-Johnson syndrome

50
Q

What tests are done to screen for HIV?

A

ELISA and then if the positive diagnosis is confirmed with a Western blot test

51
Q

What is the drug of choice for the treatment of Lyme disease?

A

Doxycicline

52
Q

What does trismus mean?

A

Lock jaw, often secondary to tetanus

53
Q

How do you treat amebiasis?

A

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

54
Q

How do you treat pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCJ) formerly known as pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)?

A

Bactrim

55
Q

What is the treatment for a tetanus infections?

A

Penicillin, immune globulin and supportive care (especially respiratory support)

56
Q

How do hookworm larvae enter the body?

A

They penetrate the skin usually through the soles of the feet.

57
Q

How do you treat hookworm?

A

Azoles

58
Q

What type of mosquitoes carry malaria?

A

Anopheles

59
Q

How do you treat white oral plaques that can be scraped off?

A

This is most likely candida. Topical nystatin or oral fluconazole 1 mg are first line choices.

60
Q

A CT scan shows ring enhancing lesions in an HIV patient. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Toxoplasmosis

61
Q

What is the drug of choice for toxoplasmosis?

A

Bactrim

62
Q

What organism causes toxoplasmosis?

A

Toxoplasma gondii

63
Q

What drug do you use to treat pinworm?

A

You treat everyone in the house with albendazole. Two weeks later you treat them again.

64
Q

The scotch tape test is used to diagnose what disease?

A

Pinworm

65
Q

Is neisseria gram (+) or gram (-)?

A

Gram (-)

66
Q

Syphilis is caused by what organism?

A

Treponema pallidum

67
Q

A Gram-positive organism in chains should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Strep

68
Q

A Gram-negative diplococci should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Neisseria

69
Q

What is the most common prophylactic antibiotic used preoperatively?

A

Cephalexin (Keflex)

70
Q

What oral antibiotic can be used for pseudomonas?

A

Ciprofloxacin

71
Q

What is the suffix used for most fluoroquinolones?

A

Oxacin

72
Q

Why aren’t fluoroquinolones used more frequently?

A

They have lots of side effects.

73
Q

A patient presents with a ruptured Achilles tendon. He states he that he was recently in the hospital for a “blood infection and on a ton of antibiotics.” What antibiotic class may he have been on?

A

Fluoroquinolones

74
Q

Why can’t you give fluoroquinolones to kids?

A

They can cause cartilage development problems.

75
Q

What class of antibiotics should you start with for community acquired pneumonia?

A

Macrolides

76
Q

List two macrocodes?

A
  • Erythromycin,
  • Azithromycin,
  • Clarithromycin-mycin
77
Q

What antibiotic class is the class of choice for chlamydia?

A

Macrolides

78
Q

What class of antibiotics is sometimes prescribed specifically for its effects on increasing GI motility?

A

Macrolides

79
Q

Which medication is worse to give to a pediatric patient, tetracycline or an aminoglycoside?

A

Tetracycline

  • GI Upset - N/V/D, Abd Pain/cramps etc
80
Q

Pizza pie retinopathy should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

81
Q

A patient presents complaining of a metallic taste in her mouth and dark brown urine. What antibiotic might she be on?

A

Metronidazole (Fagyl)

82
Q

What antibiotic is most likely to cause C. diff?

A

Clindamycin

83
Q

What is the current drug of choice for treating MRSA?

A

Vancomycin

84
Q

You place a patient on rifampin. What side effect should you warn her about?

A

Orange-red discoloration of body fluids

85
Q

What might happen if you infuse vancomycin too fast?

A

Red Man syndrome

86
Q

Name one oral medication that can be used for MRSA.

A

Linezolid (Zyvox) and Bactrim

87
Q

What organism is most commonly responsible for community acquired pneumonia?

A

Strep pneumoniae

88
Q

What organism is the most common cause of an uncomplicated urinary tract infection?

A

E. Coli

89
Q

Gummas or granulomatous nodules should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Tertiary syphilis

90
Q

Bloody stool with cysts and trophozoites should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Amebiasis

91
Q

Community acquired carditis is most often caused by one of the HACEK organisms. List the HACEK organisms.

A

Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella

92
Q

What are three medications often combined as a first line treatment for H. pylori?

A

Omeprazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin (PPI + 2 Antibioitcs)

93
Q

What is the prophylactic antibiotic most commonly given before a dental procedure if one is necessary?

A

Amoxicillin 2 grams po 1 hour before procedure

94
Q

A pregnant woman and cat litter should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Toxoplasmosis

95
Q

What is the drug of choice to treat a urethritis caused by neisseria?

A

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

96
Q

Is Klebsiella gram (+) or gram (-)?

A

Gram (-)

97
Q

A Gram-positive organism in clusters should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Staph

98
Q

What is the best test for diagnosing Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

A

Indirect immunofluorescent antibodies

99
Q

A Gram-negative coccobaccili found in the sputum of patient with pneumonia should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

H. flu

100
Q

What medication is used as prophylaxis for meningococcal meningits?

A

Rifampin

0. PANCE Review (15 decks)

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