Pediatrics

Question 1

When assessing a pediatric emergency patient, what does the acronym AVUP stand for?

Answer 1

Awake; Respond to VERBAL stimuli; responsive to PAINFUL stimuli; UNRESPONSIVE

Question 2

A pediatric patient presents to the ED with a rash all over their body that peels when touched. Parents report the rash came on suddenly. What is the dx?

Answer 2

SSSS or Staph scalded skin syndrome

Question 3

This presents as fever, arthralgia, N/V; Petechia, & boubous vesicles and papules on skin that look purple and like burns?

Answer 3

Meningococcemia

Question 4

What is the hallmark sign of a rubeola infection?

Answer 4

Kolpik spots

Question 5

A pediatric patient presents to ED with sudden choking or wheezing, gagging, and cyanosis. What do you need to rule out and how?

Answer 5

Foreign body (swallowed something)
X-ray to find object (after airway is established)

Question 6

What is epiglottitis and what is the cause?

Answer 6

An infection that causes swelling of the epiglottis and can close airway
caused by HiB, S. pyogenes, & S. aureus; usually in unvaccinated children

Question 7

A patient Present with abrupt onset of fever, drooling, sore throat, & stridor. The are in the “sniffing” position. What is the likely dx, imaging finding, and treatment?

Answer 7

epiglottitis
Thumb sign on x-ray
treat with O2, secure airway, Give ABX for infection

Question 8

This illness in children is caused by parainfluenza and can lead to respiratory distress?

Answer 8

Croup

Question 9

What is a buildup of sickled calls leads to tissue ischemia?

Answer 9

vasculoocclusive crisis

Question 10

What is the treatment for a 4y/o presenting with a vasoocclusive crisis?

Answer 10

IV fluids, pain management, and prophylactic penicillin

Question 11

If a patient under 29 days old presents with a fever, what is the appropriate testing protocol?

Answer 11

• Sepsis protocol evaluation: admit to hospital and give empirical ABX

Question 12

What tests will be done in the ED on a patient 29-60 days old presenting with a fever?

Answer 12

UA and blood culture

Question 13

What are the 2 main causes of abdominal px in a child <1month old?

Answer 13

malrotation or Hirschsprung’s

Question 14

Abdominal pain in a patient 1 month to 2 years old is most likely caused by?

Answer 14

intusseption

Question 15

In a patient with malrotation of the GI tract, what will the x-ray show and what is the proper tx?

Answer 15

X-ray shows corkscrew appearance
TX is IV access, NG tube, & surgical consult

Question 16

An infant presents to the ED and parents report the child seems very hungry, is experiencing weight loss, and immediately after feeding has projectile vomiting. What is the dx and tx?

Answer 16

Pyloric stenosis
Tx by replenishing electrolytes and surgery to fix stenosis

Question 17

An infant presents with a slightly distended abdomen, constipation, and brown/green vomiting. What is the likely DX and how is it made?

Answer 17

Hirschsprung’s
dx with rectal biopsy

Question 18

What is Hirschsprung’s?

Answer 18

children who don’t have nerve cells at the end of large intestine so the body doesn’t know its time to poop and this can cause bowel obstruction and vomiting on bowel contents