GYN/GU emergencies Flashcards
(34 cards)
What is a deterioration of renal function leading to waste accumulation in blood & electrolyte abnormalities;
acute kidney injury
What lab test and calculation will help you figure out if a kidney issue is pre, post, or intrarenal?
FENa
The most common cause of this type of acute kidney injury is hypovolemia or low blood flow to kidneys. Name the condition and treatment?
Pre-renal kidney injury
replenish volume and send home when stable
The most common cause of this AKI is pre-renal kidney injury?
renal or intrinsic
What is acute tubular necrosis
damage to tubule cells of kidneys
What is the treatment for intrarenal AKI?
give volume or vasopressors for renal perfusion & consult with nephrology
A 40y/o male presents with painless hematuria and has a 25 year hx of smoking. What should be highest on our differentials?
cancer
This is an obstruction or injury along the UT system after the kidneys; Blockage of urine flow;
post renal AKI
The most common cause of post renal AKI? Treatment
BPH with urinary retention
Treat with Foley catheter and drainage of urine
This is a catheter that can flush clots from bladder?
Murphy catheter
A 32y/o male presents with dysuria & urethral discharge, & swelling of the penis; what is the likely dx, cause, labs and tx?
urethritis caused by G/C
Get UA and STI testing
TX empirically with Ceftriaxone 500IM & doxycycline 100 BID x7 days; to cover both G/C
What is the term for inflammation of the urethra?
urethritis
What is inflammation of prostate usually caused by E. coli from preceding GU tract infection?
prostatitis
A 44y/o male presents with dysuria, hematuria, fever, suprapubic, groin, and low back px; PE shows tender perineum, tender, boggy prostate. What is the likely dx, labs, and tx?
Prostatitis
Labs: UA, STI, CBC (for infection level); blood culture (infection level); CMP
Treat empirically with Bactrim & ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin x 4 weeks
These are three indication for admitting a patient with a kidney stone whos been given pain medications?
- pain is uncontrolled despite medication
- cannot take anything PO
- has a fever
What drugs are used to help expulsion of kidney stones between 5-10 mm?
Alpha blockers
A patient presents to the ED with severe testicular pain that woke him from sleep. What is the likely dx, exam findings, specific test and results, and treatment?
testicular torsion
one testicle might be higher up
Cremaster reflex will be negative
tx is detorsion and urology consult
A 6 year old child presents to the ED with unilateral, large tender testicular mass. It is determined to be bacterial in origin. What is the name of this condition, and what is the treatment?
Orchitis or inflammation of the testicle
Treatment is NSAIDS and ABX
A 35y/o patient present with posterior scrotal px, inguinal and lower ABD px, and +/- urethral discharge. What is the likely dx?
epididymitis
A 35y/o patient present with posterior scrotal px, inguinal and lower ABD px, and +/- urethral discharge. Its determined that they have epididymitis, what is the likely etiology and treatment?
E.coli & Klebsiella in ages >35
G/C in ages <35
treat with empirical ABX, NSAID for pain, and stool softener
A positive ____ sign indicates a patient has epididymitis. What is the sign called and what is the definition?
Phren’s sign
lifting the testicle and feeling relief of px
A male patient presents with dull ache in the scrotum and reports that upon self examination they felt a bunch of spaghetti like structures in the testicle. What is the dx?
varicocele
This scrotal condition is caused by fluid between layers of the tunica vaginalis, & the pain is proportionate to the size?
Hydrocele
What is the dx sign for hydrocele?
transilluminated testicle
