Pediatrics 1 Flashcards
what is the healthy nonstressed Respiratory rate (RR) for:
- infants
- toddlers
- preschoolers
- school age
- adolescents
- infants = 30-60
- toddlers = 24-40
- preschoolers = 22-34
- school age = 18-30
- adolescents = 12-16
what is the healthy heart rate for:
- Newborn
- 6 month
- 1-3 year
- 15 year
- Newborn 145
- 6 month 120
- 1-3 year 115
- 15 year 70
what is the average BP for:1. infants
- infant
- toddlers
- preschoolers
- school age
- adolescents
Infant (6 month) = 87-105/ 53-66
Toddler (2 yr) = 95-105/ 53-66
School Age = 97-112/ 57-71
Adolescent (15 yr)= 112-128/ 66-80
the first breath of an infant results in what physiological changes
- Decrease PVR
- Increase blood flow to lungs
- Increase blood flow to LA
- Increase SVR pressure causes the foramen ovale to close
- Oxygenation and decrease prostaglandins causes PDA to close
what is the fetal lung fluid?
fluid with high Cl content that prevents the collapse of the lung
what comprises surfactant in the lungs
10% protein
10% neutral lipids
70-80% phospholipids
what are six important structural changes in the respiratory system for pediatrics/ neonates?
- Airways - vascular - membrane (canalicular stage - 16 to 25 weeks)
- Alveolarization completed by about 1 year
- Alveolar epithelium and endothelial layers continue to develop until 10-12 years of life
- Supporting airway cartilage is not developed until school age
- Airway size and length increases with age (impact of asthma or RSV on infant vs adult)
- Cartilage ribs of the infant and young child are twice as compliant as the boney ribs of the older child or adult
how much blood goes from Right atrium to Right ventricle in a developing fetus
1/3 of blood
the majority of blood goes from right atrium to where in a developing fetus
to left atrium through the patent foramen ovale
what is the rate dependant heart formula
CO = SV x HR
