Pediatric TBI

Question 1

_____ is a cerebral contusion that occurs distant to the point of impact against an object.

Answer 1

contrecoup

Question 2

in secondary brain injury, in kids ______ may result in greater risk of shearing injury

Answer 2

incomplete myelination

Question 3

GCS ____ is considered mild brain injury
_____ is considered moderate brain injury
_____ is classified as a severe brain injury, and the patient is considered to be comatose

Answer 3

13-15
9-12
3-8

Question 4

Name the GCS, duration of PTA, and duration of unconsciousness for the following classes of brain injury
Mild
Moderate
severe
profound

Answer 4

Mild: GCS 13-15, PTA 24h, LOC 1-90 days

Profound LOC > 90 days

Question 5

Majority of improvement in IQ occurs in the first_____ after TBI in kids

Answer 5

4 months

Question 6

Diabetes insipidus is excessive water loss secondary to deficiency of _____ which is produced in the ____.

Answer 6

ADH, hypothalamus - presence might be a poor prognostic factors for post-TBI survival

Question 7

_____ is characterized by decrease in urinary output, hyponatremia, and decreased serum osmolality

Answer 7

SIADH

Question 8

prolonged intubation can result in _____, ____, and ____

Answer 8

tracheal stenosis in the glottic area
traheomalacia
vocal cord injury/paralysis

Question 9

_____ should be assessed before placing a g-tube in a kid

Answer 9

GE reflux

Question 10

Central autonomic dysfunction is associated with _____ dysfunction and is correlated with a more protracted period of ______ and worse outcomes > 1 year after injury

Answer 10

hypothalamic/brainstem; unconsciousness

motor/cognitive

Question 11

Do not use ____ in treatment of HO in kids because it has been reported to result in reversible rachitic syndrome in growing kids

Answer 11

etidronate