Cancer

Question 1

Neoplastic disease is the ____ cause of death in the pediatric age group in the US. Solid tumors represent ____% of cases while acute leukemia represents the remaining _____%

Answer 1

2nd leading cause
70%
30%

Question 2

Name the 5 most common cancers in kids < 15 yoa

Answer 2

1. Leukemias (30%)
2 CNS tumors (19%)
3. Lymphomas (12%) 
4. Sympathetic nervous system tumors (8%)
5. Renal tumor (7%) 

followed by

• soft tissue sarcomas 6%
• bone tumors 5%
• retinoblastomas 3%
• germ cell tumors 3%

Question 3

____% of pediatric brain tumors arise in posterior fossa

Answer 3

50%

Question 4

Supratentorial tumorspresent with increased intracranial pressure along with _____ in 40% of case.

Answer 4

seizures

Question 5

Hodgkins disease occurs two times more frequently in males than females and most often in ____ decade.

youngest reported case in kids is _____

Answer 5

third

3 yoa

Question 6

_______ is the most common presentation of hodgkins disease in children

Answer 6

painless cervical adenopathy

Question 7

_____ is a non-lymphoblastic lymphoma found principally in Africa. A viral cause has been proposed wiht the ebstein-barr virus suggested.

Answer 7

Burkitt’s Lymphoma

Question 8

Burkitt’s Lymphoma (african lymphoma) is characterized by (3)

Answer 8

1. predilection for facial bones and mandible
2. primary involvement of abdominal nodes and viscera
3. massive proliferation of primitive lymphoid cells

Question 9

_____ tumors arise from cells in the sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla

Answer 9

neuroblastoma

Question 10

____ is the third most common pediatric neoplasm in kids < 5 yoa with the highest incidence at 2 yoa

Answer 10

neuroblastoma

Question 11

presentation of neuroblastoma is in the _____ area

Answer 11

abdominal area - associated with distant mets and poor prognosis

Question 12

In early childhood, the most common abdominal masses are ___-, ____, and ____

Answer 12

hydronephrosis, neuroblastoma, wilms tumor

Question 13

Wilms tumor develops within the _____ and enlarges with distortion and invasion of adjacent renal tissue

Answer 13

renal parenchyma

Question 14

Wilms tumor occurs most often in kids ____ age

it occurs bilaterally in ____% and may be associated with congenital abnormalities

Answer 14

2-5 yoa

5%

Question 15

_____ is the most common malignant soft tissue tumor in children

Answer 15

rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 16

Rhabdomyosarcoma is associated with ______ and is most commonly found in the neck and head

Answer 16

neurofibromatosis

Question 17

_____ followed by _____ are the most common types of malignant bone tumors in children and occur more often in kids > 10 years of age

Answer 17

Osteosarcoma - metaphysis (commonly distal femur, prox tibia, prox humerus)
Ewings sarcoma - (long and flat bones including pelvis and most typically in the diaphysis)

Question 18

Osteochondroma, unicameral bone cyst, osteoid osteoma, eosinophilic granuloma, chondroblastoma, chondromyxoid fibroma, and fibrous displasia are all examples of

Answer 18

benign bone and cartilage tumors in kids