Burns

Question 1

Burns are the #1 cause of non-motor vehicle deaths in children ages ______ and the #2 cause of death in children ages _____.

Answer 1

1-4

4-14

Question 2

scald injuries represent ____% of all burn injuries in children with highest incidence occurring in toddlers

Answer 2

40-50%

Question 3

Children at _____ age have increased risk of death independent of burn size.

Answer 3

<4 yoa.

Question 4

____ is the most important predictor of mortality in childhood burns

Answer 4

inhalation injury

Question 5

____ are used with goal of contracture prevention

Answer 5

positioning splints - generally initiated at first indication of skin tightening.

Question 6

____ and ____ may be helpful modalities for scar prevention/therapy

Answer 6

fluidotherapy & paraffin - heat tolerance must be assessed.

Question 7

In ultrasounding for burn therapy of scar tissue, must avoid overexposure to prevent ____

Answer 7

premature closure of the epiphyseal plates

Question 8

In the acute phase of burn injuries, a childs neck should be placed in _____ position

Answer 8

cervical hyperextension - to prevent neck flexion contracture. No pillows should be used when the patient is lying down.

Question 9

_____ is the prime location for decubiti to occur acutely in children with neck burns

Answer 9

occiput.

Question 10

Of all burn contractures ____ is most commonly involved and is the hardest to treat

Answer 10

axilla contractures

Question 11

Regarding axilla burns, the most successfully used device in an active patient is the _____

Answer 11

airplane splint

Question 12

During acute phase of hand and foot burns, ____ should be performed to maintain average spaces

Answer 12

wrapping separately to maintain average spaces

splinting is universally used to maintain ROM and preserve function.

Question 13

Correct splint position for dorsal hand burn

Answer 13

MCP flexion 70 - 90 degrees, IP extension, radial abduction of the thumb

Question 14

Correct splint position for volar hand burn

Answer 14

MCP/IP full extension, fingers abducted, palmar abduction of the thumb

Question 15

correct splint position for dorsal foot burn

Answer 15

ankle and toes plantar flexion

Question 16

correct splint position for sole of foot burn

Answer 16

ankle dorsiflexion, toes neutral

Question 17

describe the three types of burns based on severity

Answer 17

1. superficial (1st degree) - epidermis
2. partial thickness (2nd degree) - epidermis and partial dermis.
3. full thickness (3rd degree) - epidermis and dermis

Question 18

Indications for hospitalization 
\_\_\_\_ % full thickness
\_\_\_\_% TBSA in kids or elderly
\_\_\_\_% TBSA 
any burns to these 6 areas
All \_\_\_\_\_ injuries
All \_\_\_\_\_ burns
All burns complicated by medical problems
Any burns associated with concomitant trauma

Answer 18

>5% full thickness
>10% TBSA kids/elderly
>20% TBSA
eyes, ears, face, hands, feet, genetalia
Inhalation and electrical