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pediatric speech disorders Flashcards

1
Q

speech sounds errors with preserved phonemic contrasts, due to structural, neurological, or habitual placement of the articulators

A

articulation disorder

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2
Q

order of typical sound development

A

nasals, stops, glides, liquids, fricatives, affricates, clusters

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3
Q

sounds typically developed at 2-3 years

A

m n p h w b

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4
Q

sounds typically developed ages 2-4

A

k g j ng t d f

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5
Q

sounds developed from ages 3-7

A

l v sh th r s z ch dz

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6
Q

informal assessment for artic

A

screening
case history (1st noted, treatment, injuries/diseases, effects on academic performance, language spoken)
oral motor exam
motor speech exam
conversational speech samples (phonemic inventory, PCC)
hearing screening
stimulability

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7
Q

ways to test stimulability

A

in imitation
one or more phonetic environments
key words
phonetic placement/shaping
combo

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8
Q

formal artic assessment

A

GTFA (2-21)
Arizona Artic Phon Scale 4 (1;6-18;0)
Contextual Probes of Artic - Spanish CPAC-S
CAAP
Percentage of Consonants Correct

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9
Q

Formal assessments for phonology

A

KLPA
CAAP clinical assessment of artic and phonology
CTOPP comprehensive test of phono processing
Connected Speech Sample

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10
Q

Apraxia Formal Assessment

A

Kaufman Speech Praxis Test
Apraxia Profile for children
Motor Speech Exam (diados, hierarchy)

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11
Q

selecting targets for treatment considerations

A

stimulability
frequency of sound
ease
developmental appropriateness
visibility of sound
how much sound impacts intelligibility

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12
Q

van ripers approach (6)

A
  1. placement movement of articulators
  2. drill-like rep
  3. establishment
  4. perceptual training (contrast miming, minimal pairs)
  5. generalization
  6. maintenance
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13
Q

phonological approach (4)

A

target groups of sounds
establish phono contrasts
emp natural communication process
minimal pairs

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14
Q

Hodson’s Cycles Approach

A

intensive program for highly unintelligible children
target one or more phono pattern and move on

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15
Q

developmental approach

A

based on selection of early developing targets

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16
Q

complexity approach

A

target nonstimulable sounds

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17
Q

distinctive features approach

A

establish missing distinctive features
underlying patterns
minimal pairs

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18
Q

problematic phonological errors after 3 (6)

A

weak syllable deletion
final consonant deletion
velar fronting
assimilation
reduplication
prevocalic voicing

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19
Q

core behaviors of stuttering

A

monosyllabic whole word repetition
sound/ syllable repetition
sound prolongations
blocks

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20
Q

secondary behaviors

A

eye blinking
head nodding
foot tapping
looking up
avoidance

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21
Q

assessment for stuttering

A

case history
kiddycat 3-6
oases (7+)
SSI
informal (total dysfluency index, core feature index)

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22
Q

stuttering modification strategy

A

easy onset
voluntary stuttering
cancellation
pull out
prep set

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23
Q

fluency shaping

A

light artic contact
response contingencies
rate control
prolonged speech
delayed auditory feedback

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24
Q

characteristics of cas

A

limited vowel and consonant repertoire
sound omissions
vowel distortions
inconsistent errors
difficulty moving from one artic position to another
groping

25
3 consensus features of CAS
inconsistent errors on vowels and consonants lengthened coartic transitions inappropriate prosody
26
assessment for cas
case history neuromusc status structural/functional status oral mech motor speech exam DDK Utterance hierarchy experiment with cueing strats kaufman speech praxis test verbal motor production assessment
27
Treatment for CAS
Kaufman Speech Praxis Kit dynamic temporal/tactile cueing simultaneous production imitating pure/direct imitation child repeats several targets responsive production spontaneous
28
assessment tools for dysphagia
nomas- neonatal oral motor assessment penetration aspiration scale jaw rehab checklist pre feeding skills checklist checklist in swigert from NICU to childhood checklist
29
pediatric physiology (8 steps to swallow)
1. presence of food stimulates sensory receptors activates swallowing 2. grinding and shaping food into bolus 3. bolus moved to posterior tongue 4. bolus thrust into pharynx with swallow reflex closure of v-port 5. larynx elevates and tucks beneath base of tongue 6. epiglottis inverts 7. bolus penetrates cricopharyngeal sphincter 8. bolus goes into the esophagus
30
FEES
FFNL is passed transanally into the hypopharynx visualizes before and after swallow
31
VFSS
primary imaging technique for detailed assessment of oral, pharyngeal, and upper esophageal phases of swallow
32
neuromuscular dysphagia is secondary to (6)
cerebral palsy down syndrome seizure disorder craniofacial disorders tbi secondary to shaken baby anoxia
33
oral phase characteristics (8)
sensorimotor deficits arrhythmic sucking hypo/hypertonia flat flaccid tongue humped tongue jaw excursions jaw clenching wide jaw exercise
34
pharyngeal phase characteristics
absent/delayed swallow reflex velo-pharyngeal incompetence weak pharyngeal constriction poor laryngeal elevation aspiration/silent aspiration laryngeal penetration poor handling of secretions crico-pharyngeal sphincter weak cough reflex
35
treatment for neuromuscular dysphagia (5)
positioning adaptations environmental adaptations food preparation oral sensory motor therapy pharyngeal treatment
36
assessment for oral motor dysphagia
1. obtain case history ( important to know gestational age, how long takes to feed, nipples used, thickeners?, how baby is fed, spit up, concerns, weight loss 2. bedside swallow 3. FEES or MBS 4. ICD 10 code 5. treatment plan and goaols
37
treatment for sensory motor dysphagia (5)
rule out medical complications determine caregiver goals work with all team members to determine cognitive language nutritional and postural needs appropriate feeding swallowing goals educate caregivers on feeding/swallowing monitor carryover
38
how to determine readiness to feed
34 weeks gestational age or more when suckle develops
39
environmental mods 9
support for alertness avoid unnecessary stimulation 1 stimuli/time calm environment containment swaddling monitor stress signs non-nutritive facilitation kangaroo mother care parent focused treatment
40
positioning mods
signs of stress and withdraw when necessary upright 75-90 degree positioning swaddled contained chin tuck
41
disorganized feeding disorder typically seen in...
prematurity pulmonary disorders congenital heart defects young infants with reflux anatomical abnormalities
42
assessment for disorganized feeding disorder
determine gestational age interview parents conduct bedside swallow eval fees and mbs diagnos with ICD 10 develop goals and treatment
42
interview questions to ask for disorganized feeding disorder
how long for baby to suck on breast or bottle nipples used thickener? formula used spit up
42
treatment for disorganized feeding
rule out medical complications determine caregiver feeding goals work with team members to determine child's cog, language, nutritional, and postural needs determine appropriate swallowing and feeding goals educate caregivers monitor carryover
43
oral motor intervention techniques
pacing intra oral stimulation cheek support
43
modifications for disorganized feeding
environmental positioning oral motor intervention
44
example of disorganized feeding goal
infant will swallow 2-3 ounces in under30 minutes with intra oral stimulation needed less than 50% of the time without signs of aspiration over a 5 day period
45
sensory based feeding disorder
aversion to food or liquid to a varying degree on either a medical diagnosed or an extreme sensory integration issue
46
oral phase characteristics of sensory-based feeding disorders
sulcus pocketing jaw clenching spitting tongue thrust refusal to eat certain consistencies crying or other refusal
47
pharyngeal phase characteristics sensory based
aspiration signs because of gagging delayed swallowed reflux/vomitting irregular breathing patterns
48
oral phase characteristics sensory based
sulcus pocketing jaw clenching spitting tongue thrust refusal to eat certain consistencies crying
49
mild sensory issue
may have flavor, temp, or food items nourishment by mouth
50
moderate sensory issue
1-3 textures weight gain concern nutritional concerns due to limited intake of certain food
51
severe issues
may have supplemental feeding tube diet consists of 1-5 items weight gain and nutritional status is a strong concern
52
Goals for sensory feeding
increasing oral intake accepting new food tastes tolerating food explorations increase self feeding
53
hierarchy of sensory relationship with food
tolerates presence smell touch play taste eat and swallow increase quantity of preferred foods increase quantity of nonpreferred foods
54
term used to describe working with currently accepted tastes, textures, temperatures and building on those
chaining
55
ending session
end on postitive note review strategies and goals home strategies positive activity

comps (4 decks)

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