Pediatric Resuscitation Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards
Cardiac arrest in children is usually not from a ____ cause, rather result of ____ or ____*****
cardiac, respiratory failure, shock
Why do children in presence of apnea see more tissue hypoxia than adults?
Because they have a higher metabolic rate
Respiratory distress definition
Clinical state characterized by increased respiratory rate and effort often observed as nasal flares and tachycardia and tachypnea and retractions, adequate ventilation and gas exchange is still maintained, can range from mild to severe, once fail to compensate then progresses to respiratory failure
Respiratory failure definition
Clincal state of inadequate oxygenation, ventilation, or both, often end stage of respiratory distress, requires intervention to prevent respiratory arrest-cardiac arrest, findings include bradypnea or apnea and bradycardia***
Normal heart rate in newborns (0-3 months) vs children over 10 to adults
100-150bpm
60-100bpm
Minimum blood pressure calculation for a child
70mmHg +(2xage)
AED use for infants and children
- Infants manual defibrillator preferred to AED
- if not available, or if older, use AED with pediatric dose and pads
- if not available, use adult dose and pads
Mild vs severe airway obstruction
Mild sees good air exchange, can cough forcefully, just monitor, vs severe no air exchange, no cough, high pitched noise while inhaling, must try to relieve
PALS protocol
- General assessment
- Primary assessment ABCDE
- secondary assessment
- condition specific protocol between upper airway obstruction, lower, lung tissue disease, and disorderd control of breathing
Upper airway obstruction definition
Foreign body aspiration, swelling of upper airway tissues, thick secretions in the mouth in obstructing airway are all causes of this, presents with tachypnea, increased inspiratory effort, stridor*** (exclusive to upper airways, high pitched upon inspiration), drooling, etc
Lower airway obstruction definition
Obstruction in lower trachia, bronchi, or bronchioles often in asthma, RSV, bronchiolitis, signs include tachypnea, wheezing and rhonchi on expiration
Lung tissue disease definition
Affects lung at level of alveolar capillary unit, can be caused by pneumonia, pulmonary edema, toxins, etc. signs include tahypnea, tachycardia, incread respiratory effort, grunting, crackles, diminished breath sounds
Disordered control of breathing definition
Abnormal breathing pattern that produces inadequate respriatory rate, effort, or both, commonly neurological in origin such as seizures, CNS infections, hydrocephalus, sees signs such as variable or irregular respiratory rate, variable respiratory effort, shallow breathing
OPA and NPA size selection
Measure from mouth or nose to angle of mandible
Shock definition and what type is most common in children
Result of inadequate blood flow and oxygen delivery to meet tissue metabolic demands, most common is hypovolemic (inadequate blood volume or oxygen content of blood, often diarrhea)
