Pediatric Respiratory System Flashcards
What are 85% of pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest are primarily due to ?
respiratory failure
What are some differences in pediatric airway?
airway higher in neck, epiglottis sits behind soft palate, funnel shape, larger tongue, angled vocal cords.
What are infants and babies called based on how they breathe?
obligate nasal breathers
If patient has upper airway obstruction what kind of breathing will you hear?
stridor
If patient has lower airway obstruction what kind of breathing will you hear?
wheezing
What are some common lethal foreign bodies?
latex balloon, coins, hot dogs, magnets, BATTERIES.
What is Croup?
parainflu virus type 1; obstructions airway: nasal secretions, laryngeal swelling, hoarseness, subglottic edema, seal like cough.
Why is epiglottitis rare?
bc of h. influ vaccine; rapid onset and life-threatening, must intubate.
What is the number 1 reason for pediatric admit?
bronchiolitis
What is bronchiolitis?
lower respiratory tract illness, inflammation & obstruction of the small airways(bronchioles)
What are some S&S of bronchiolitis?
mild: runny nose, cough, low-grade fever, wheezing, poor feeding
severe: tachypnea greater than 70, grunting, wheezing, retractions, nasal flaring, lethargy,
What is the most common cause of fetal acute resp. tract infection in infants and young children?
RSV: forms plugs of mucus, fibrin, & necrotic in smaller airway.
What two illnesses are common in less than 1 yr? greater than 1 yr?
Bronchiolitis & Pneumonia; Pharyngitis & Rhinitis
What is pneumonia?
inflammation or infection of the bronchioles and alveolar spaces
True or False aspiration wont show up on an x-ray for at least 6 hours from the event.
TRUE
What some protective factors of asthma?
large family size, having a pet dog, later birth order, childcare attendance, living on a farm.
True of False the tighter the airways in an asthma patient the more you will hear.
FALSE: less
True of False: at all costs you don’t want to intubate an asthmatic if you can help it.
TRUE
What is the treatment plan for persistent asthma?
daily inhaled corticosteroids and long-term control medications.
What is the tx plan for intermittent asthma?
short acting beta2 agonists(albuterol)
What is the tx for exercise induced asthma?
short acting beta2 agonists 5-30 mins before exercise or a long acting beta2 agonist 30 min - 1 hr b4 exercise.
What are some s/s of Bronchopulmonary dysplasia?
increased resp. effort, tachypnea, nasal flaring, grunting, retractions, poor feeding, increased O2 demand
What are some possible tx needs for BPD?
trach, NG or g tube for feeds, chest physiotherapy
What is CF?
autosomal recessive disorder of the exocrine glands; chloride ion transport across the exocrine & epithelial cells is impaired due to a defective protein, CFTR
What are some s/s of CF?
thick mucus secretions, meconium ileus as neonate, frothy, bulky, floating stools, chronic moist productive cough.
