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N 4300 > Mechanical Ventilation > Flashcards

Mechanical Ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of a ventilator?

A

functions as a substitute for the bellows action of the thoracic cage and diaphragm.

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2
Q

What are some indications for the need of a ventilator?

A

extrapulmonary diseases and disorders affecting gas exchange.

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3
Q

True or False Neg. pressure ventilators are opposite of normal physiology.

A

FALSE: similar too

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4
Q

What is Fraction of Inspired Ox set too?

A

0.21(21% room air) to 1.00(100% oxygen).

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5
Q

What does FiO2 need to maintain for PaO2? SpO2?

A

60-100 mm hg; 90%

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6
Q

What is the tidal volume? (Vt)

A

the amount of air delivered with each present breath.

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7
Q

What is the Vt setting of ideal body weight w. the lowest value recommended with Obstructive airway disease or ARDS?

A

6-8ml/kg

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8
Q

What is respiratory rate(f)?

A

frequency of breaths set to be delivered by ventilator

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9
Q

What is Inspiratory to Expiratory Ratio(I:E) set as? if have COPD?

A

1:2 normal; 1:3, 1:4;

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10
Q

What is PEEP(positive end-expiratory pressure) ?

A

is the addition of positive pressure into the airways during expiration. 5-20 cm of water.

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11
Q

What is sensitivity?

A

how easily the ventilator recognizes pts breaths

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12
Q

What kind of problems can PEEP cause?

A

r/t increase in intrathoracic pressure: decreased CO, venous return, Increased ICP

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13
Q

What type of PEEP gives the best O2 without causing other problems?

A

optimal PEEP

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14
Q

What is exhaled tidal volume?(EVt)

A

amount of gas that comes out of the patients lungs on exhalation.

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15
Q

What is peak inspiratory pressure (PIP)? don’t want higher than?

A

is the maximum pressure that occurs during inspiration; 40 cm of water

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16
Q

What is the total respiratory rate? increased pt RR could mean?

A

number of breaths delivered by vent plus the number initiated by patient (increased pt RR could mean pt getting sicker)

17
Q

What are the 3 types of modes of mechanical ventilation?

A

vol, pressure, dual

18
Q

True or false in Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (IMV) and Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV) spontaneous breaths are whatever vol the patient breathes.

A

TRUE

19
Q

True or false Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) pressure is only applied during expiration.

A

FALSE: inspiration.

20
Q

In Pressure Assist Control (P-AC) what is set? who is it used in?

A

RR, pressure, but not tidal vol; ARDS or high PIP

21
Q

In SIMV with pressure support ventilation .. PSV is added only to ?

A

breaths

22
Q

What setting allows the mean airway pressure to increase, open and stabilize alveoli and improve oxygenation?

A

Pressure Controlled Inverse Ratio Ventilation (PC-IRV)

23
Q

In Pressure Controlled Inverse Ratio Ventilation (PC-IRV) what is I:E?

A

1:1 to 4:1 normal is 1:2

24
Q

What is special about PC-IRV?

A

uncomfortable, sedate pt and possibly paralyze

25
Q

BiPAP needs what to work?

A

spontaneous respirations.

26
Q

High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation (HFOV) delivers a small tidal volume at ? often used in?

A

an extremely fast rate 100-420 per min; neonates and peds;

27
Q

True of False HFOV must be sedated and may be paralyzed.

A

TRUE

28
Q

What 4 things help you determine the readiness for weaning?

A

underlying cause resolved, adequate O2, hemodynamic stability, adequate respiratory strength.

29
Q

S/S of SBT (Spontaneous breathing tidal) failure?

A

tachypnea, dyspnea, tachycardia, sats

30
Q

What are some possible causes of high pressure alarm?

A

secretions, coughing, or gagging, biting tubing, increased resistance: bronchospasm, decreased compliance: pul. edema, pneumothorax, change in condition.

31
Q

What are some causes of low pressure alarm?

A

total or partial ventilator disconnect, hissing noise may be heard, loss of airway, ETT or trach leak

32
Q

What are some possible causes of apnea?

A

respiratory arrest, oversedation, change in pt condition, loss of airway.

33
Q

What are some possible causes of high tidal vol, minute ventilation or RR?

A

pain, anxiety, condensation tubing

34
Q

What are some possible causes of low tidal vol or minute ventilation?

A

change in breathing effort rate and vol, patient disconnection, loose connection or leak in circuit, ETT or trach cuff leak, insufficient gas flow.

N 4300 (8 decks)

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