Mechanical Ventilation Flashcards
What is the definition of a ventilator?
functions as a substitute for the bellows action of the thoracic cage and diaphragm.
What are some indications for the need of a ventilator?
extrapulmonary diseases and disorders affecting gas exchange.
True or False Neg. pressure ventilators are opposite of normal physiology.
FALSE: similar too
What is Fraction of Inspired Ox set too?
0.21(21% room air) to 1.00(100% oxygen).
What does FiO2 need to maintain for PaO2? SpO2?
60-100 mm hg; 90%
What is the tidal volume? (Vt)
the amount of air delivered with each present breath.
What is the Vt setting of ideal body weight w. the lowest value recommended with Obstructive airway disease or ARDS?
6-8ml/kg
What is respiratory rate(f)?
frequency of breaths set to be delivered by ventilator
What is Inspiratory to Expiratory Ratio(I:E) set as? if have COPD?
1:2 normal; 1:3, 1:4;
What is PEEP(positive end-expiratory pressure) ?
is the addition of positive pressure into the airways during expiration. 5-20 cm of water.
What is sensitivity?
how easily the ventilator recognizes pts breaths
What kind of problems can PEEP cause?
r/t increase in intrathoracic pressure: decreased CO, venous return, Increased ICP
What type of PEEP gives the best O2 without causing other problems?
optimal PEEP
What is exhaled tidal volume?(EVt)
amount of gas that comes out of the patients lungs on exhalation.
What is peak inspiratory pressure (PIP)? don’t want higher than?
is the maximum pressure that occurs during inspiration; 40 cm of water
What is the total respiratory rate? increased pt RR could mean?
number of breaths delivered by vent plus the number initiated by patient (increased pt RR could mean pt getting sicker)
What are the 3 types of modes of mechanical ventilation?
vol, pressure, dual
True or false in Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (IMV) and Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV) spontaneous breaths are whatever vol the patient breathes.
TRUE
True or false Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) pressure is only applied during expiration.
FALSE: inspiration.
In Pressure Assist Control (P-AC) what is set? who is it used in?
RR, pressure, but not tidal vol; ARDS or high PIP
In SIMV with pressure support ventilation .. PSV is added only to ?
breaths
What setting allows the mean airway pressure to increase, open and stabilize alveoli and improve oxygenation?
Pressure Controlled Inverse Ratio Ventilation (PC-IRV)
In Pressure Controlled Inverse Ratio Ventilation (PC-IRV) what is I:E?
1:1 to 4:1 normal is 1:2
What is special about PC-IRV?
uncomfortable, sedate pt and possibly paralyze
BiPAP needs what to work?
spontaneous respirations.
High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation (HFOV) delivers a small tidal volume at ? often used in?
an extremely fast rate 100-420 per min; neonates and peds;
True of False HFOV must be sedated and may be paralyzed.
TRUE
What 4 things help you determine the readiness for weaning?
underlying cause resolved, adequate O2, hemodynamic stability, adequate respiratory strength.
S/S of SBT (Spontaneous breathing tidal) failure?
tachypnea, dyspnea, tachycardia, sats
What are some possible causes of high pressure alarm?
secretions, coughing, or gagging, biting tubing, increased resistance: bronchospasm, decreased compliance: pul. edema, pneumothorax, change in condition.
What are some causes of low pressure alarm?
total or partial ventilator disconnect, hissing noise may be heard, loss of airway, ETT or trach leak
What are some possible causes of apnea?
respiratory arrest, oversedation, change in pt condition, loss of airway.
What are some possible causes of high tidal vol, minute ventilation or RR?
pain, anxiety, condensation tubing
What are some possible causes of low tidal vol or minute ventilation?
change in breathing effort rate and vol, patient disconnection, loose connection or leak in circuit, ETT or trach cuff leak, insufficient gas flow.
