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Pediatrics > Pediatric Pulmonology > Flashcards

Pediatric Pulmonology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common chronic disease in childhood?

A

Asthma

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2
Q

Leukotrienes are a bigger culprit in pediatric asthma therefore what symptom is more prominent?

A

Cough

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3
Q

What is the diagnosis of asthma in kids?

A

Primarily a clinical diagnosis
- PFTs and allergy testing to confirm diagnosis

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4
Q

When is cough more persistent in asthma?

A

Nighttime

Number of nighttime awakenings can define severity

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5
Q

Is the annual flu vaccine recommended for children diagnosed with asthma?

A

Yes

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6
Q

What is status asthmaticus?

A

Medical emergency in which a severe asthma attack is refractory to treatment

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7
Q

What is the treatment for status asthmaticus?

A

Mainstay of medical therapy is frequent administration of beta-agonists, combined with corticosteroids

  • IV magnesium
  • Theophylline
  • May have to consider mechanical ventilation
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8
Q

What is the leading cause of death in children with asthma?

A

Hypoxia - during exacerbations or status asthmaticus oxygen via nasal cannula or ventilation

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9
Q

Do you hear apical crackles in cystic fibrosis?

A

Yes

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10
Q

How is cystic fibrosis diagnosed?

A

Sweat chloride test

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11
Q

How is cystic fibrosis definitively diagnosed?

A

Genetic test

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12
Q

What value on sweat chloride testing is diagnostic of cystic fibrosis?

A

> 60 mmol/L

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13
Q

What will PFT’s show in cystic fibrosis?

A

A restrictive pattern that won’t respond to a bronchodilator

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14
Q

Can sweat chloride testing be done in the neonatal period?

A

No, can be done after 30 days of life

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15
Q

What are the GI related treatments for cystic fibrosis?

A
  • Pancreatic enzymes
  • Fat soluble vitamins
  • Nutritional support
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16
Q

What are the respiratory treatments for cystic fibrosis?

A
  • Geared toward airway clearance/rehab therapy and antibiotic use
  • Pulmozyme
  • Inhaled mucolytic agent
  • Inhaled tobramycin (TOBI)
  • Oral azithromycin
  • Bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory agents
17
Q

What vaccines are recommended for cystic fibrosis?

A
  • Pneumococcal
  • Influenza
18
Q

What is a newer agent in treating CF that is an ion channel modulator and can return some function of chloride channels, resulting in less mucus accumulation?

A

Trikafta

19
Q

Where is the obstruction if the child can not vocalize?

A

Upper complete obstruction

May also have cyanosis, respiratory distress

20
Q

What is the immediate treatment for a complete obstruction?

A

Heimlich maneuver appropriate for age

< 1 year: head down position, back blows x5 then roll child over for 5 chest compressions
> 1 year: Heimlich maneuver
**No blind finger sweeps

21
Q

Is the chest film normal in bronchitis?

A

Yes

22
Q

What is the etiology of acute bronchiolitis?

A

most commonly RSV

Can be other viral etiology, PCR panel can confirm

23
Q

Should infants less than 6 months be hospitalized with RSV?

A

Yes

24
Q

What is the treatment for bronchiolitis?

A
  • Fluids and supportive care
  • Bronchodilators remain controversial
25
Q

What is the gold standard for treating Pertussis?

A

Erythromycin 40-50 mg/kg/day, max 2 grams day

Zithromax is becoming more of a popular agent due to a simpler course

26
Q

A pediatric patient presents with a barking cough, stridor, and respiratory distress. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Croup

27
Q

Which medication is commonly used as a first-line treatment for acute asthma exacerbation in children?

A

Albuterol

28
Q

What is the most common bacterial pathogen responsible for causing acute otitis media in children?
a) Haemophilus influenzae
b) Streptococcus pneumoniae
c) Staphylococcus aureus
d) Escherichia coli

How is it treated?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Amoxacillin or Augmenten

Pediatrics (16 decks)

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